Existence of APGWamide in the testis and its induction of spermiation in Haliotis asinina Linnaeus

The distribution of APGWamide and RFamides in the central nervous system and ovary of the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii

“…Moreover, the presence of APGWamide only in the X-organ-sinus gland complex is different to studies in (AnN), nerve fibers connecting the AMPNs and the medulla terminalis (arrowheads), some fibers within olfactory-globular tracts (OGT), and small-and medium-sized neurons in clusters 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, and 17. AINv, antenna I nerve; AIINv, antenna II nerve; Ant anterior side, OC esophageal connective, PT protocerebral tract, TNv tegumental nerve many mollusk species, which show that APGW-ir was located in most neural ganglia, including the right cerebral, visceral, right parietal and pedal ganglia of the snails, Helix aspersa (Griffond et al 1992), and Lymnaea stagnalis (Croll and Van Minnen 1992;Smit et al 1992;De Boer et al 1997;Altelaar et al 2005), the sea scallop, Placopecten magellanicus (Smith et al 1997), the sea slug, Aplysia californica (Fan et al 1997;De Lange and Van Minnen 1998), and the tropical abalone, Haliotis asinina (Chansela et al 2008). In contrast, the RF-ir of M. rosenbergii was detected in some small-and medium-sized neurons of nearly all neuronal clusters in the eyestalk, except neuronal cluster 1.…”

“…APGWamide and FMRFamide (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, USA) were individually conjugated (2 mg of each) with 10 mg of bovine serum albumin fraction V (SigmaAldrich, St. Louis, USA), by mixing each with 20 mg of 1-ethyl-3-dimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide (SigmaAldrich), in 0.5 ml of 50 mM NaH 2 PO 4 , pH 7.2, as described previously by Chansela et al (2008). Each mixture was incubated overnight at 4°C, concentrated using a Centricon-10 microconcentrator (Millipore, Bedford), and centrifuged at 10,0009g, 10 min at 4°C.…”

“…The APGWamide has been known to have a role in controlling reproduction, particularly in males, since injections of APGWamide have been shown to induce genital eversion in Helix aspersa (Koene et al 2000). Recently, the effect of APGWamide on the induction of spermiation was demonstrated in male Haliotis asinina (Chansela et al 2008). Its role in reproduction has also been demonstrated in the female oyster, Crassostrea gigas, by inducing in vitro adductor muscle contraction with subsequent release of oocytes (Bernay et al 2006).…”

“…Consequently, most recent studies have been in mollusks. APGWamide-like peptide was first identified in neurons within the right anterior lobe of the cerebral ganglion of the snail, Helix aspersa (Griffond et al 1992), and has since been found in the nervous system of several species of gastropods (Croll and Van Minnen 1992;Smith et al 1997;De Lange and Van Minnen 1998;Chansela et al 2008). The APGWamide has been known to have a role in controlling reproduction, particularly in males, since injections of APGWamide have been shown to induce genital eversion in Helix aspersa (Koene et al 2000).…”

Distribution of APGWamide-immunoreactivity in the brain and reproductive organs of adult Pygmy squid, Idiosepius pygmaeus

“…In addition to the brain, APGWa containing axons are found in male accessory sex organs of the gastropod, Lymnaea stagnalis (Croll and Van Minnen 1992;De Lange and Van Minnen 1998) and in the sea scallop, Placopecten magellanicus (Smith et al 1997). In addition, the expression of APGWa and its role in male reproductive process were described in the testis of Haliotis asinine (Chansela et al 2008). In the cephalopod, Octopus vulgaris, APGWa containing neurons occur in the central nervous system, whereas the oviducal gland is innervated by APGWa immunoreactive axons (Di Cristo et al 2005;Di Cristo and Di Cosmo 2007).…”