“…One can refer to [3,4,13,18,19,21,23,25,26], etc. for recent literature on the existence and multiplicity of periodic solutions and subharmonic solutions to difference equations.…”
By using the critical point theory and a Z p geometrical index theory, some sufficient conditions are obtained for the existence and multiplicity of periodic solutions to the following non-linear second-order difference equationRÞ is resonant at infinity.
“…One can refer to [3,4,13,18,19,21,23,25,26], etc. for recent literature on the existence and multiplicity of periodic solutions and subharmonic solutions to difference equations.…”
By using the critical point theory and a Z p geometrical index theory, some sufficient conditions are obtained for the existence and multiplicity of periodic solutions to the following non-linear second-order difference equationRÞ is resonant at infinity.
“…If Γ = 0, Hu and Huang in 2008 [12] applied the critical point theorem to prove the existence of periodic solution of a higher order difference equation as the following type…”
By using critical point theory, some new criteria are obtained for the existence of a nontrivial homoclinic orbit to a higher order difference system containing both many advances and retardations. The proof is based on the Mountain Pass Lemma in combination with periodic approximations. Related results in the literature are generalized and improved.
“…Among these approaches, Morse theory is an important tool to deal with such problems. However, there are, at present, only a few papers dealing with higher order difference equation except [21][22][23]. On the other hand, under some assumptions, the functional may not satisfy the Palasis-Smale condition.…”
We study a higher order difference equation. By Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction methods and computations of critical groups, we prove that the equation has fourM-periodic solutions.
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