Existence of Phosphoenolpyruvate: Carbohydrate Phosphotransferase Systems in <i>Lactobacillus fermentum</i>, an Obligate Heterofermenter

Nagasaki, Hiroshi; Ito, Kazuyo; Matsuzaki, Shigenobu; Tanaka, Shuji

doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.1992.tb02052.x

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This will be compatible with the preference for fructose described by Silvano et al [47] but not obtained by others [6, 8]. Such odd metabolic pathways are described for fructose uptake and degradation in specific strains in other species [48, 49]. …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Carbohydrate metabolism in Oenococcus oeni: a genomic insight

et al. 2016

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Background Oenococcus oeni is the bacterial species that drives malolactic fermentation in most wines. Several studies have described a high intraspecific diversity regarding carbohydrate degradation abilities but the link between the phenotypes and the genes and metabolic pathways has been poorly described.ResultsA collection of 41 strains whose genomic sequences were available and representative of the species genomic diversity was analyzed for growth on 18 carbohydrates relevant in wine. The most frequently used substrates (more than 75% of the strains) were glucose, trehalose, ribose, cellobiose, mannose and melibiose. Fructose and L-arabinose were used by about half the strains studied, sucrose, maltose, xylose, galactose and raffinose were used by less than 25% of the strains and lactose, L-sorbose, L-rhamnose, sorbitol and mannitol were not used by any of the studied strains. To identify genes and pathways associated with carbohydrate catabolic abilities, gene-trait matching and a careful analysis of gene mutations and putative complementation phenomena were performed.ConclusionsFor most consumed sugars, we were able to propose putatively associated metabolic pathways. Most associated genes belong to the core genome. O. oeni appears as a highly specialized species, ideally suited to fermented fruit juice and more specifically to wine for a subgroup of strains.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3338-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Carbohydrate metabolism in Oenococcus oeni: a genomic insight

et al. 2016

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“…L. mucosae has a complete glycogen metabolism pathway in the pan-genome [32]. Sucrose-PTS and mannose-PTS in L. fermentum have a strong ability to metabolize glycogen [33]. As a whole, these bifidobacterial species in CS infants appear to enrich for the extraction of carbon and energy from glycogen and other carbohydrates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus Composition at Species Level and Gut Microbiota Diversity in Infants before 6 Weeks

Yang

Chen

Stanton

et al. 2019

IJMS

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Our objective was to investigate the effects of different delivery and feeding modes on the gut microbiota composition of early infants with special emphasis on Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus profiles at species level. 16S rRNA V3-V4 regions, bifidobacterial, and lactobacilli groEL genes from infant feces were sequenced by Illumina MiSeq. Gut microbiota abundance was significantly different, where standard vaginally delivered (SVD) and breast-fed (BF) groups were higher in comparison with caesarean section (CS), milk-powder-fed (MPF), and mixed-fed (MF) groups. The genus unclassified Enterobacteriaceae was dominant, followed by Bifidobacterium, which was highly abundant in SVD and BF groups. The dominant Bifidobacterium species in all groups were B. longum subsp. longum, B. longum subsp. infantis and B. animalis subsp. lactis. B. dentium and the diversity of Bifidobacterium in SVD and BF groups were significantly higher. For Lactobacillus profiles, L. rhamnosus and L. gasseri were dominant among all the groups, while Lactobacillus species in CS and MPF groups were more diverse. Functional predictions showed significant differences between delivery mode and feeding groups, such as phosphotransferase system as well as taurine and hypotaurine metabolism. In early infants with different delivery and feeding methods, gut microbiota—particularly bifidobacteria and lactobacilli communities—showed significant differences, with strong implications for physiological functions.

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“…Heterofermentative lactobacilli take up sugars by nonphosphorylating permease systems, but several possess the phosphotransferase system for the uptake of fructose, which is inevitably connected to a fully operating EMP instead of the PKP because of the requirement of the production of two phosphoenolpyruvates (PEP) per sugar unit (18,25).…”

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confidence: 99%

Phosphoketolase Pathway Dominates in Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730 Containing Dual Pathways for Glycolysis

et al. 2008

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Metabolic flux analysis indicated that the heterofermentative Lactobacillus reuteri strain ATCC 55730 uses both the Embden-Meyerhof pathway (EMP) and phosphoketolase pathway (PKP) when glucose or sucrose is converted into the three-carbon intermediate stage of glycolysis. In all cases studied, the main flux is through the PKP, while the EMP is used as a shunt. In the exponential growth phase, 70%, 73%, and 84% of the flux goes through the PKP in cells metabolizing (i) glucose plus fructose, (ii) glucose alone, and (iii) sucrose alone, respectively. Analysis of the genome of L. reuteri ATCC 55730 confirmed the presence of the genes for both pathways. Further evidence for the simultaneous operation of two central carbon metabolic pathways was found through the detection of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase, phosphofructokinase, and phosphoglucoisomerase activities and the presence of phosphorylated EMP and PKP intermediates using in vitro 31 P NMR. The maximum specific growth rate and biomass yield obtained on glucose were twice as low as on sucrose. This was the result of low ATP levels being present in glucose-metabolizing cells, although the ATP production flux was as high as in sucrose-metabolizing cells due to a twofold increase of enzyme activities in both glycolytic pathways. Growth performance on glucose could be improved by adding fructose as an external electron acceptor, suggesting that the observed behavior is due to a redox imbalance causing energy starvation.Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) employ a few glycolytic pathways to funnel carbohydrates into the common three-carbon intermediate stage of glycolysis. In general, homofermentative LAB convert carbohydrates into lactate using the Embden-Meyerhof pathway (EMP), whereas heterofermentative LAB produce lactate, ethanol, and carbon dioxide using the phosphoketolase pathway (PKP) (8). The PKP is usually used by LAB to ferment pentoses (9), and it has a poor energy yield compared to that of the EMP (16). This disadvantage can be compensated for by the addition of external electron acceptors, which creates alternative pathways for NAD(P)H reoxidation and may stimulate growth (33). A part of the acetyl phosphate can then be converted into acetate instead of ethanol, thereby gaining one additional ATP, making the PKP as efficient as the EMP.Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730 has been described as a heterofermentative bacterium using the PKP (9) for converting glucose to lactate, ethanol, and CO 2 . Sucrose is converted into lactate, acetate, ethanol, CO 2 , and mannitol with this strain, whereby the latter is formed from the fructose half that functions solely as an electron acceptor (2).Heterofermentative lactobacilli take up sugars by nonphosphorylating permease systems, but several possess the phosphotransferase system for the uptake of fructose, which is inevitably connected to a fully operating EMP instead of the PKP because of the requirement of the production of two phosphoenolpyruvates (PEP) per sugar unit (18, 25).In the current study, we describe and s...

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Existence of Phosphoenolpyruvate: Carbohydrate Phosphotransferase Systems in Lactobacillus fermentum, an Obligate Heterofermenter

Cited by 7 publications

References 17 publications

Carbohydrate metabolism in Oenococcus oeni: a genomic insight

Carbohydrate metabolism in Oenococcus oeni: a genomic insight

Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus Composition at Species Level and Gut Microbiota Diversity in Infants before 6 Weeks

Phosphoketolase Pathway Dominates in Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730 Containing Dual Pathways for Glycolysis

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