Existing and Potential Possibilities of Salivary Diagnostics in Breast Cancer

Abstract

Currently used methods of laboratory diagnostics of breast cancer (BC) and related diagnostic procedures are not perfect. Nowadays, there exists a restricted amount of information proving the application of salivary biomarkers as diagnostic instruments for BC. This review presents the research results in the field of salivary diagnostics in BC. The most well studied biomarkers of BC in mixed saliva are: epidermal growth factor, caner antigen 15-3, epidermal growth factor receptor HER2/neu. Some publications suggest that it is appropriate to use saliva as an alternative to blood to detect gene mutations in BRCA1/2 when searching for hereditary forms of BC. It was shown that determination of salivary peroxidase, advanced glycation end products, total antioxidant status and malone dialdegid can be of signifi- cant importance in non-invasive diagnostics of BC. As a further possibility for early diagnosis of BC, it is considered to use profile analysis of free amino acids in saliva, transcriptomic biomarkers - mRNA CSTA, TPT1, IGF2BP1, GRM1, GRIK1, H6PD, MDM4, S100A8 and proteomicо biomarker - carboanhydrase VI, polyamines as well as a number of metabolic proteins. It is assumed that analysis of saliva can become as useful in laboratory diagnostics of BC as analy sis of blood biomarkers. Moreover, research and description of constellations of analyzed blood and saliva biochemical and genetic values in BC are not only of a scientific interest, but are also of practical utility in order to improve laboratory diagnostics methods for this disease. Relationship between biochemical and genetic factors of saliva and blood, as well as the future use of their most informative constellations for early diagnosis of BC becomes currently a subject of detailed scientific research, which is proved by the facts provided in this review.