Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение «Кубанский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, ул. Седина, 4, Краснодар, Россия, 350063. АННОТАЦИЯ Цель. Комплексная оценка различных звеньев иммунитета женщин репродуктивного возраста с генитальны-ми инфекционно-воспалительными процессами.Материалы и методы. В исследовании использована периферическая кровь 30 пациенток с воспалительными заболеваниями органов малого таза (ВЗОМТ), 30 пациенток с вирусной инфекцией урогенитального тракта (ВИУГТ), а также периферическая кровь 20 условно здоровых женщин репродуктивного возраста (Контроль). О клеточном иммунитете судили по содержанию CD3(+)-, CD4(+)-, CD8(+)-, CD19(+)-, CD56(+)CD16(+)-лимфоцитов, о гумораль-ном звене -по концентрации сывороточных иммуноглобулинов основных классов (IgA,IgM,IgG), a о функциях ней-трофильных гранулоцитов -по показателям их фагоцитарной и кислородзависимой микробицидной функции.Результаты. Исследование популяционного состава лимфоцитов периферической крови показало, что у жен-щин с ВЗОМТ и ВИУГТ относительно возрастной нормы увеличено абсолютное и относительное содержание лимфоцитов в периферической крови, CD3(+)-, СD8(+)-лимфоцитов, а также относительное содержание СD4(+)-и СD19(+)-лимфоцитов. Наряду с этим при инфекционно-воспалительных заболеваниях генитального тракта вы-явлена выраженная тенденция к снижению сывороточной концентрации иммуноглобулинов класса А и М и преи-мущественные депрессивные изменения в системе нейтрофильных гранулоцитов.Заключение. Выявленные нарушения иммунитета у женщин репродуктивного возраста с ВЗОМТ и ВИУГТ яв-ляются патогенетически значимыми, и для сохранения репродуктивного потенциала целесообразна комплексная прегравидарная иммунокорреция дефектов фагоцитарной и микробицидной функции фагоцитирующих клеток, а также некоторых параметров клеточного (количественная недостаточность NK-и В-лимфоцитов) и гуморально-го (неадекватный уровень сывороточных IgA,IgM,IgG) иммунитета. Materials and methods. The study used peripheral blood of 30 patients with inflammatory diseases of the pelvic

Currently used methods of laboratory diagnostics of breast cancer (BC) and related diagnostic procedures are not perfect. Nowadays, there exists a restricted amount of information proving the application of salivary biomarkers as diagnostic instruments for BC. This review presents the research results in the field of salivary diagnostics in BC. The most well studied biomarkers of BC in mixed saliva are: epidermal growth factor, caner antigen 15-3, epidermal growth factor receptor HER2/neu. Some publications suggest that it is appropriate to use saliva as an alternative to blood to detect gene mutations in BRCA1/2 when searching for hereditary forms of BC. It was shown that determination of salivary peroxidase, advanced glycation end products, total antioxidant status and malone dialdegid can be of signifi- cant importance in non-invasive diagnostics of BC. As a further possibility for early diagnosis of BC, it is considered to use profile analysis of free amino acids in saliva, transcriptomic biomarkers - mRNA CSTA, TPT1, IGF2BP1, GRM1, GRIK1, H6PD, MDM4, S100A8 and proteomicо biomarker - carboanhydrase VI, polyamines as well as a number of metabolic proteins. It is assumed that analysis of saliva can become as useful in laboratory diagnostics of BC as analy sis of blood biomarkers. Moreover, research and description of constellations of analyzed blood and saliva biochemical and genetic values in BC are not only of a scientific interest, but are also of practical utility in order to improve laboratory diagnostics methods for this disease. Relationship between biochemical and genetic factors of saliva and blood, as well as the future use of their most informative constellations for early diagnosis of BC becomes currently a subject of detailed scientific research, which is proved by the facts provided in this review.

Currently, there are limited data supporting the use of parathyroid hormone-related protein for the purposes of breast cancer detection and disease prognosis. This literature review covers research results on diagnostic potential of parathyroid hormone-related protein as a biomarker for breast cancer, as well as the information available in the scientific literature, reflecting obvious contradictions regarding clinical and prognostic importance of this protein in the primary breast cancer, correlation of its expression with the risk of bone metastasis and survival of patients. Results of preclinical and clinical research show, that parathyroid hormone-related protein inhibits tumor progression and decreases its metastasis at early stages of the disease, which improves the survival rate, but it has an opposite effect at the advanced stages of cancer, as it increases tumor development and metastasis, and reduces survival rates. Altogether, these studies prove an idea that parathyroid hormone-related protein plays a double role in breast cancer. Use of parathyroid hormone-related protein for breast cancer early detection and disease prognosis is currently becoming a subject of detailed scientific research studies, which is confirmed by the facts presented in this literature review.

Aim. Determination of diagnostic significance of pro − and anti-inflammatory cytokines in early prognosis of posttransplant renal failure in patients with chronic renal disease.Materials and methods. In the peripheral blood of patients with chronic kidney disease 6 hours before kidney transplantation, multiplex analysis using Simplex ProcartaPlex panel (Bioscience, USA) and xMAP technology (principle of flow cytometry) was used to estimate the content of 10 cytokines: 7 proinflammatory (IL-1b, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-27, IL-17A, IL-18) and 3 antiinflammatory (IL-1RA, IL-4, IL-13). Identification of HLA-antibodies was carried out with the help of multiplex immunological analysis, using test systems (Gen-Prob, USA), flow analyzer Luminex 200 xMAP technology (bimolecular reactions on the surface of microspheres).Results. The limited diagnostic significance of HLA-antibodies is due to the fact that their detection in the posttransplantation period can be either in the development of acute graft rejection, or in the favorable course of the period after the operation. Meanwhile, the determination of a number of blood cytokines before kidney transplantation allows predicting post-transplantation rejection. In particular, certain criteria favorable course of the period after kidney transplantation by absence of HLA antibodies in patients with chronic renal failure can be considered as the initial (within 6 hours of transplantation) low levels of IL1β, IL6, IL17а. Prognostically the increase in the blood levels of proinflammatory cytokines − IL6, IL17a and anti-inflammatory IL1-RA is a significant marker of acute rejection of a transplanted kidney. Along with this, it is important to note that the appearance of HLA antibodies in patients with a favorable course of the post-transplantation period is associated with an initially elevated level of proinflammatory cytokines such as Il1ß and IL6.Conclusion. Diagnostic value of the evaluated cytokines at the pre-transplant kidney patients determines the feasibility of the inclusion of evaluation of the serum concentration of IL1β, IL6, IL17a, IL1-RA in the programme of pre-transplant laboratory tests .

Molecular diagnostics makes it possible to determine true and cross reactivity differentially, which is of great clinical importance not only for the diagnosis of the true spectrum of sensitization, but also for the reasonable choice of pathogenetic therapy, prediction of the effectiveness and risks associated with allergenspecific immunotherapy. A number of clinical cases are presented as examples demonstrating the clarifying nature of molecular allergodiagnostics.