EXIT25 - Executive interview applied to a cognitively healthy elderly population with heterogeneous educational background

Abstract

Education interferes with the performance in most cognitive tests, including executive function assessment.ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of education on the performance of healthy elderly on the Brazilian version of the Executive Interview (EXIT25).MethodsThe EXIT25 was administered to a sample of 83 healthy elderly. The subjects were also submitted to the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), a delayed recall test, clock drawing and category fluency (animals/min) tests in order to rule out cognitive impairment. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was employed to exclude clinically-relevant depressive symptoms. The total sample was divided into three groups according to educational level: G1 (1–4 years), G2 (5–8 years) and G3 (>8 years).ResultsThe mean values for age, educational level, MMSE and EXIT25 scores of all subjects were 72.2, 7.5, 27.6 and 6.9, respectively. The scores on the EXIT25 for each group were: G1=8.3, G2=5.9 and G3=5.8. There was a statistical difference between the performance of G1 and the other two groups on the EXIT25.ConclusionsThe Brazilian version of the EXIT25 proved straightforward to administer. The performance of this sample of healthy elderly on the test was significantly influenced by educational level.

Clinicoradiological comparison between vascular parkinsonism and Parkinson’s disease

“…Cognitive assessment involved the application of the mini-mental state examination (MMSE),16 17 Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB),18 19 Executive Interview (EXIT25),20 21 Hachinski scale,15 Katz index of independence in activities of daily living22 and Pfeffer Functional Activities Questionnaire 23. Motor assessment included application of the Giladi’s FOG questionnaire (FOG-Q),24 25 Movement Disorders Society’s Unified PD Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS),26 27 and HY stage,12 13 all in ‘ON’ and ‘OFF’ states.…”

Vascular parkinsonism: a case series of 17 patients

“…Response was based on the percentage of reduction in the MDS-UPDRS scale 17 and the Hoehn-Yahr stage. Cognitive assessment was made by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) 18,19 , the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) 20,21 , and the Executive Interview (EXIT25) 22,23 . Functional activities of daily living were assessed by the Pfeffer 24 scale and the Katz scale 25 .…”

“…Patients were assessed by the EXIT25 scale (up to 50 points) to determine if they had executive dysfunction. Points on this scale also varied in accordance with the formal years of schooling: 5.1 points ( for 1-4 years of schooling), 3.3 points ( for 5-8 years of schooling) and 2.9 points ( for more than 8 years of schooling) 23 .…”

Assessing Executive Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Critical Review of Brief Neuropsychological Tools

“…However, it failed to differentiate between patients with probable AD with and without major depression, vascular dementia without cortical features, and schizophrenia (Royall et al, 1994 ). Another limitation of EXIT 25 is its significant correlations with non-EF measures such as the MMSE (Royall et al, 1992 ; Matioli et al, 2008 ; Campbell et al, 2014 ), the California Verbal Learning Test and the Finger Taping Test (Campbell et al, 2014 ). This could indicate poor specificity (Dubois et al, 2000 ).…”

“…Campbell et al ( 2014 ) argued that although poor scores on EXIT 25 indicate cognitive deficits with an executive component, it is not a specific measure of EF alone. There are validation studies for countries like the United Kingdom (Mujic et al, 2014 ), Argentina (Azcurra, 2013 ), Brazil (Matioli et al, 2008 ), China (Chan et al, 2006 ), and Israel (Sinoff et al, 2001 ), but normative data and cut-offs were not provided. Shorter versions have been presented.…”