Exogenous diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate ameliorates low temperature stress by improving nitrogen metabolism in maize seedlings

Abstract

Spring maize sowing occurs during a period of low temperature (LT) in Northeast China, and the LT suppresses nitrogen (N) metabolism and photosynthesis, further reducing dry matter accumulation. Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6) improves N metabolism; hence, we studied the effects of DA-6 on maize seedlings under LT conditions. The shoot and root fresh weight and dry weight decreased by 17.70%~20.82% in the LT treatment, and decreased by 5.81%~13.57% in the LT + DA-6 treatment on the 7 th day, respectively. Exogenous DA-6 suppressed the increases in ammonium (NH 4 +) content and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity, and suppressed the decreases in nitrate (NO 3-) and nitrite (NO 2-) contents, and activities of nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NiR), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT) and transaminase activities. NiR activity was most affected by DA-6 under LT conditions. Additionally, exogenous DA-6 suppressed the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) decrease, and the suppressed the increases of superoxide anion radical (O 2 � −) generation rate and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) content. Taken together, our results suggest that exogenous DA-6 mitigated the repressive effects of LT on N metabolism by improving photosynthesis and modulating oxygen metabolism, and subsequently enhanced the LT tolerance of maize seedlings.

Trehalose can alleviate decreases in grain number per spike caused by low‐temperature stress at the booting stage by promoting floret fertility in wheat

“…This is consistent with the results obtained by Zhang et al. (2020) in a low‐temperature experiment on corn. This indicates that the damage to wheat florets by low temperatures may be related to an imbalance in endogenous nitrogen metabolism.…”

Diethyl Aminoethyl Hexanoate Priming Ameliorates Seed Germination via Involvement in Hormonal Changes, Osmotic Adjustment, and Dehydrins Accumulation in White Clover Under Drought Stress

“…This liberated H 2 O 2 is further detoxified by the catalytic action of POD, CAT, or ASA-GSH cycle ( Fotopoulos et al, 2010 ; Hasanuzzaman et al, 2019 ). Previous studies have reported that DA-6 application improved antioxidant activities to alleviate oxidative damage in strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa ) seedlings under cold stress ( Fu et al, 2011 ), in Cassia obtusifolia under salt stress ( Zhang et al, 2016 ), and in maize under low temperature stress ( Zhang et al, 2020 ). We observed that seeds exposed to water deficient condition significantly increased O 2 – and H 2 O 2 content, however, DA-6 priming greatly alleviated the drought-induced increases in O 2 – and H 2 O 2 accumulation ( Figure 6 ) associated with increases in the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT, or APX) and the expression levels of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes ( FeSOD, MnSOD, Cu/ZnSOD, POD , or CAT ) during seed germination under water stress ( Figure 7 ).…”

Wide–Narrow Row Planting Pattern Increases Root Lodging Resistance by Adjusting Root Architecture and Root Physiological Activity in Maize (Zea mays L.) in Northeast China

“…The composition of root bleeding sap contains organic matter synthesized by roots, which is transported from the roots to the aboveground parts [35]. Maize roots mainly absorb NO 3 − , part of which is reduced to NH 4 + by nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase [36]. Moreover, some of NH 4 + is transported upward through the xylem, while the remainder is assimilated into organic nitrogen [37].…”