Exogenous Hormonal Application Regulates the Occurrence of Wheat Tillers by Changing Endogenous Hormones

Cai, Tommaso; Meng, Xiangping; Liu, Xiaoli; Liu, Tiening; Wang, Hui; Jia, Zhikuan; Yang, Dongqing; Ren, Xiaolong

doi:10.3389/fpls.2018.01886

Cited by 62 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…As reported, the higher spike number was the consequence of a higher tiller number, which was positively correlated with the content of endogenous zeatin in the field-grown wheat after exogenous hormonal application (Cai et al, 2018). Moreover, the authors showed that IAA application inhibited the occurrence of tillers, by changing the ratios of IAA and ABA to zeatin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Silencing ofTaCKX1mediates expression of otherTaCKXgenes to increase grain yield in wheat

Jabłoński

Ogonowska

Szala

et al. 2020

Preprint

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TaCKX family genes influence development of wheat plants by specific regulation of cytokinin content in different organs. However, their detailed role is not known. The TaCKX1, highly and specifically expressed in developing spikes and in seedling roots, was silenced by RNAi-mediated gene silencing via Agrobacterium and the effect of silencing was investigated in 7 DAP spikes of T1 and T2 generations. Various levels of TaCKX1 silencing in both generations influence different models of co-expression with other TaCKX genes and parameters of yield-related traits. Only a high level of silencing in T2 resulted in strong down-regulation of TaCKX11 (3), up-regulation of TaCKX2.1, 2.2, 5 and 9 (10), and a high yielding phenotype. This phenotype is characterised by higher spike number, grain number and grain yield, as well as slightly higher mass of seedling roots, but lower thousand grain weight (TGW) and slightly lower spike length. Content of most of cytokinin forms in 7 DAP spikes of silenced T2 lines increased from 40 to 76% compared to the non-silenced control. The CKs cross talk with other phytohormones.Each of the tested yield-related traits is regulated by various up- or down-regulated TaCKX genes and phytohormones. Unexpectedly, increased expression of TaCKX2.1 in silent for TaCKX1 T2 plants up-regulated trans- and cis-zeatin and trans-zeatin glucosides, determining lower TGW and chlorophyll content in flag leaves but higher grain yield. The coordinated effect of TaCKX1 silencing on expression of other TaCKX genes, phytohormone levels in 7 DAP spikes and yield-related traits in silenced T2 lines is presented.One-sentence summaryDifferent levels of TaCKX1 silencing influence various models of coordinated expression of TaCKX genes and phytohormone levels in 7 DAP spikes, as well as yield parameters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Silencing ofTaCKX1mediates expression of otherTaCKXgenes to increase grain yield in wheat

Jabłoński

Ogonowska

Szala

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Higher levels of endogenous IAA might cause an inhibitory effect, so the optimum endogenous level must be controlled. Cai et al (2018) found that at 3 days after exogenous application of SA, the endogenous SA reached the maximum and subsequently decreased until it reached the level of control plants at 7 days later.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Effect of exogenous salicylic acid or indole acetic acid on their endogenous levels, germination, and growth in maize

El-Mergawi

El-Wahed

2020

Bull Natl Res Cent

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Background Exogenous hormone applications modify the plant growth and development by inducing changes in their endogenous contents. However, it is not clear whether the effects of exogenous hormones on growth are direct or related with changes induced in endogenous hormones. Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to study the effect of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) or indole acetic acid (IAA) on endogenous levels in soaked seeds, 5-day-old seedlings, and in vegetative growth of foliar-sprayed plants. The effects of different concentrations of two hormones on germination and growth of maize were also studied. Results The effect of presoaking maize seeds in solutions of SA or IAA (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 mM) on their endogenous contents in soaked seeds or in 5-day-old seedlings. Soaked seeds absorbed more SA than IAA. In young seedlings, the majority of two hormones which absorbed during seed soaking remained in the residual seeds. Presoaking seeds in SA or IAA solutions suppressed the growth of 5-day-old seedlings. In the greenhouse experiment, endogenous SA and IAA increased after spraying two compounds at 0.25–2 mM, peaking 2 days after treatment then decreased on. However, plants treated with SA at 1 mM or 2 mM continued to pose higher levels of endogenous SA, 8 days later. At 20 days after treatments, all tested concentrations of two hormones significantly increased the fresh and dry weights of the whole plant. These inducing effects disappeared 40 days after spraying. Conclusion The obtained results demonstrated the changes in endogenous SA and IAA in soaked seeds, seedling, and foliar-sprayed plants due to their exogenous application. However, concentrations of two hormones did not produce any permanent enhancement effects on germination and plant growth.

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“…The regulation of endogenous hormones may effectively increase the survival rate of florets [17][18][19][20]. Previous studies have shown that cytokinin effectively controls plant growth and development by regulating the proliferation and differentiation of plant cells, such as promoting bud growth and fruit development, delaying senescence, and regulating the transduction of nutritional signals [21][22][23]. 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) is a synthetic cytokinin that can also promote cell division and improve plant growth and development [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Spraying 6-BA in the Late Jointing Stage on the Fertile Floret Development and Grain Setting in Winter Wheat

Miao

Duan

et al. 2019

Agronomy

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Wheat yield is largely determined by the grains per spike, which in turn is related to the fertile floret development prior to anthesis. The aim of this study was to assess the physiological mechanism of exogenous 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) on fertile floret development and grain setting characteristics by foliar application in winter wheat. Field experiments were conducted during the 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 growing seasons in China. Two foliar spraying applications with water (S0) and 6-BA (S1) were applied to a large-spike variety (V1) and a multiple-spike variety (V2) 25 days after jointing. At anthesis, spike dry weight and soluble sugar, sucrose, auxin, and cytokinin were all positively correlated with the number of fertile florets and grains per spike. During the abortion stage of fertile florets, 6-BA application compared to the control reduced the auxin content, increased the cytokinin content and spike dry matter and transported more soluble sugar and sucrose from the non-spike organs to the spike. Exogenous 6-BA application increased the number of fertile florets (~1.84 to ~2.50) and number of grains (~2.83 to ~3.51) by primarily suppressing the number of degenerated and aborted florets. The results provide important evidence that 6-BA application has a positive effect on floret fertility and grain setting, which lead to a further increase in grain yield.

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Exogenous Hormonal Application Regulates the Occurrence of Wheat Tillers by Changing Endogenous Hormones

Cited by 62 publications

References 39 publications

Silencing ofTaCKX1mediates expression of otherTaCKXgenes to increase grain yield in wheat

Silencing ofTaCKX1mediates expression of otherTaCKXgenes to increase grain yield in wheat

Effect of exogenous salicylic acid or indole acetic acid on their endogenous levels, germination, and growth in maize

Regulation of Spraying 6-BA in the Late Jointing Stage on the Fertile Floret Development and Grain Setting in Winter Wheat

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