Exogenous Oestrogen Impacts Cell Fate Decision in the Developing Gonads: A Potential Cause of Declining Human Reproductive Health

Stewart, Melanie K; Mattiske, Deidre M.; Pask, Andrew J

doi:10.3390/ijms21218377

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 194 publications

(249 reference statements)

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“…Changes were also observed in the endocrine apparatus of the testes of the offspring, manifested by a decrease in the average area of Leydig cell nuclei. At present, quite a large amount of data has been accumulated on the negative prenatal effects of estrogens on mammalian reproductive function and mechanisms of genomic and non-genomic effects of estrogens on gonad development have been studied [11,12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology of the testes of animals during estrogen injection in the prenatal period

Sulaimanova,

Kvochko,

Askhabova

2023

E3S Web of Conf.

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The aim of the study was to investigate the morphological changes in the testes of the offspring of white non-pedigreed laboratory mice when the synthetic oestrogen analogue synestrol was prenatally injected to the mother. After fertilization, the females were divided into 2 groups which received a single intramuscular injection of the synthetic oestrogen analogue synestrol on day E 11.5 of gestation at the same time of the day. The intact group was not exposed to any treatment. The experimental group was exposed to synestrol, a synthetic oestrogen analogue, as a 2% oil solution at a dose of 40 µg/kg (C-40). The results of morphometric analysis of testes of descendants of white outbred laboratory mice after prenatal single injection of synthetic oestrogen analogue synestrol in a dose of 40 µg/kg showed morphological changes in the organ parenchyma, manifested as decrease in mean number of Sertoli cells (C-40) 17.4±1.1 compared to intact group 20.8±1.9; decrease in mean number of spermatogonia (C-40) 24.4±1.1 compared to intact group, decrease in mean number of spermatozoa (C-40) 178.0±4.2 compared to intact group 196.6±5.3. There was observed a change in the endocrine apparatus of testes, expressed as a decrease in the mean area of Leydig cell nuclei in the intact group of 6,72±1,78. Prenatal effects of synestrol revealed in an experimental model, allow us to use it to search for means of postnatal developmental testicular dysfunction correction as well as to develop optimal doses of oestrogenic preparations during pregnancy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology of the testes of animals during estrogen injection in the prenatal period

Sulaimanova,

Kvochko,

Askhabova

2023

E3S Web of Conf.

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“…There is still a discussion in the scientific community about the influence of endocrine-active compounds and estrogens present in the environment on the decline in the number of normal sperm in male mammals [123,124], including humans [125], which has been observed for decades. As demonstrated by Stewart et al [126,127], after entering the body, these compounds can induce many non-genomic and genomic cell pathways in somatic male gonads, leading to structural disorders. However, the most serious effect of the influence of estrogens is the occurrence of changes in MAPK signaling and the subcellular localization of SOX9, suppressing genes related to the development of the testicles, leading to impairment of their structure, function, and fertility.…”

Section: Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Estrogens Present in Environment on Health and Welfare of Animals

Wojnarowski

Podobiński

Cholewińska

et al. 2021

Animals

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Nowadays, there is a growing interest in environmental pollution; however, knowledge about this aspect is growing at an insufficient pace. There are many potential sources of environmental contamination, including sex hormones—especially estrogens. The analyzed literature shows that estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), and synthetic ethinyloestradiol (EE2) are the most significant in terms of environmental impact. Potential sources of contamination are, among others, livestock farms, slaughterhouses, and large urban agglomerations. Estrogens occurring in the environment can negatively affect the organisms, such as animals, through phenomena such as feminization, dysregulation of natural processes related to reproduction, lowering the physiological condition of the organisms, disturbances in the regulation of both proapoptotic and anti-apoptotic processes, and even the occurrence of neoplastic processes thus drastically decreasing animal welfare. Unfortunately, the amount of research conducted on the negative consequences of their impact on animal organisms is many times smaller than that of humans, despite the great richness and diversity of the fauna. Therefore, there is a need for further research to help fill the gaps in our knowledge.

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“…The oestrogen-related signalling pathways in the developing gonads have been reviewed by Stewart et al [8] in physiological condition and in the presence of exogenous oestrogens. Non-genomic and genomic pathways of oestrogen signalling, and molecular mechanisms occurring through the alteration of mitogen-activated protein kinase and SRY-box transcription factor 9 in somatic cells have been reported; both are responsible for cell fate decision, the suppression of testis genes and the activation of ovarian genes.…”

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confidence: 99%