Exogenous procalcitonin evokes a pro-inflammatory cytokine response

Liappis, Angelike P.; Gibbs, Kevin W.; Nylen, Eric; Yoon, B.; Snider, Richard H.; Gao, Bo; Becker, Kenneth L.

doi:10.1007/s00011-010-0255-8

Cited by 40 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Pincíková et al [68] showed that PCT dose dependently decreased both phagocytic and candidacidal activity of neutrophils and supported the E. coli colony count increase during the incubation in the presence of both serum and blood. After exposure to PCT levels, consistent with septic shock (1,000 pM), directed migration of human neutrophils was decreased [64], and deactivation of chemotaxis of monocytes by pretreatment with PCT was also reported [66]. However, the PCT inflammatory concept is not yet unanimously accepted and may be much more complex.…”

Section: Biological Effects (Functions/properties) Of Pctmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Again, few reports are available regarding the specific action of PCT, but hematopoietic cells have been postulated as one of the key cellular targets of PCT. Liappis et al [64] reported that treatment of human whole blood cells led to a significant release of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNFa, IL-1b, IL-6, and IL-8. This may explain the massive increase in levels of PCT following infection where bacteria induces proinflammatory cytokines that stimulate PCT release, which, in turn, trigger production of PCT itself, causing a positive loop of PCT secretion.…”

Section: Biological Effects (Functions/properties) Of Pctmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immune regulation of procalcitonin: a biomarker and mediator of infection

et al. 2012

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Procalcitonin (PCT) has recently emerged as a powerful biomarker for an early and accurate diagnosis of bacterial infection. Here we summarize our current understanding of the expression pathways of PCT, its potential cellular sources including immune cells, and factors inducing its secretion. Also addressed is the significance of increased blood PCT concentration, which may allow this molecule not only to act as a clinical biomarker but also as an active participant in the development and progression of infectious processes. Experimental approaches to delineate a better understanding of PCT functions, molecular pathways that modulate its expression and therapeutic opportunities to curtail its biological actions are discussed, as well.

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Section: Biological Effects (Functions/properties) Of Pctmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Biological Effects (Functions/properties) Of Pctmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune regulation of procalcitonin: a biomarker and mediator of infection

et al. 2012

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“…Data from Sexton et al have provided a potential molecular mechanism for the observation that PCT appears to be toxic while CGRP treatment appears to be beneficial in animal models of sepsis [69]. Clinically relevant levels of PCT influence immunologic responses that may contribute to systemic inflammatory response and septic shock [72]. Of importance, immunologic blockade of CT precursors may offer a novel therapeutic approach to human sepsis [73].…”

Section: Biologic Role Of Procalcitoninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Procalcitonin: present and future

et al. 2015

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Critically ill patients are frequently at risk of sepsis or inflammatory conditions. Procalcitonin (PCT) is a biomarker for critically ill patients to differentiate sepsis from non-infectious triggers of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome. It has been recently shown that PCT is a valuable tool to guide antibiotic treatment in patients with bacteria infections. However, PCT is also less than a universal and perfect biomarker, and its physiologic role remains unknown. An increase in PCT is associated not only with localized bacterial infection, but also with non-infectious disease or other microbial infections. Numerous studies have suggested that use of PCT would reduce patients' exposure to antibiotics; however, the use of PCT-guided management of antibiotics strategy needs further study to validate their safety in daily practice in ICU settings. Data supporting this concept from randomized trials are still required. Future studies should focus on PCT kinetics. On the other hand, the need for biologic role of PCT shall be highlighted. Immunoneutralization of PCT will likely be a therapeutic approach for human sepsis only if its physiologic effects are elaborated. The aim of this review is to summarize and discuss the current evidence for PCT in a series of clinical settings.

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“…However, in response to bacterial and/or severe systemic inflammatory exposure, cells throughout the body secrete ProCT and its associated peptides (Table 1) [1]. In addition to this biomarker role in septic-like conditions, ProCT also appears to act as a biomediator, whereby it has direct and independent toxic effects on cells [2,3]. Although there has been ample documentation that serum ProCT increases multifold in various septic-like conditions, where it correlates with severity and mortality [1,4,5], there has been little attention drawn to the possible influence of baseline ProCT and its associated peptides that circulate at low concentrations in healthy individuals [6].…”

Section: Procalcitoninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Procalcitonin beyond the acute phase: novel biomediator properties?

Panico

Nylen

2013

BMC Med

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Since inflammation has been linked to carcinogenic events, discovery of relevant biomarkers may have important preventative implications. Procalcitonin (ProCT) has been shown to be an important prognostic biomarker in severe inflammatory conditions, but there is no data regarding its biomarker role, if any, beyond the acute phase. In a recent study published in BMC Medicine, Cotoi et al. analyzed whether serum ProCT levels in healthy individuals are associated with mortality outcomes. The results are affirmative in that baseline ProCT was shown to be strongly and independently associated with all-cause and cancer mortality and with the incidence of colon cancer in men. By contrast, the study indicated that high sensitivity C-reactive protein was independently associated with cardiovascular mortality but not with cancer mortality in men. Thus, baseline levels of ProCT appear to have prognostic biomarker implications potentially related to its emerging biomediator action(s).

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Exogenous procalcitonin evokes a pro-inflammatory cytokine response

Abstract: Clinically relevant levels of ProCT influence immunologic responses that may contribute to systemic inflammatory response and septic shock.

Cited by 40 publications

References 19 publications

Immune regulation of procalcitonin: a biomarker and mediator of infection

Immune regulation of procalcitonin: a biomarker and mediator of infection

Procalcitonin: present and future

Procalcitonin beyond the acute phase: novel biomediator properties?

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