Exohedral functionalization of endohedral metallofullerenes: Interplay between inside and outside

Green and rapid preparation of long-term stable aqueous dispersions of fullerenes and endohedral fullerenes: The pros and cons of an ultrasonic probe

“…First, they are the most investigated and non-functionalized C 60 and C 70 . As for Gd@C 82 , this is a promising MRI contrast agent [4] . For several issues of targeted drug delivery, it is necessary to obtain dispersions of derivative fullerenes [39] ; here, we used easily accessible chlorofullerenes C 60 Cl 6 and C 70 Cl 10 , which are key precursors for the synthesis of functional fullerene derivatives [40] .…”

“…Aqueous dispersions of fullerenes (AFD) are relevant in various applications and research. Unique physical and chemical properties of fullerenes make them promising for medical and materials-science claims; however, much work on AFDs deals with hydrophilic functionalization, which is often necessary [1] in photodynamic therapy [2] and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [3] for endohedral fullerenes (endofullerenes); their biomedical and others applications are reviewed in [4] . However, in many instances, such functionalization of fullerenes should be avoided, whereas an AFD material is still required.…”

Anomalous Cis‐Conformation Regioselectivity of Heterocycle‐Fused Sc3N@D3h‐C78 Derivatives

“…[12][13][14] Among NCFs,t he most abundant Sc 3 N@I h -C 80 has been investigated at most, and as eries of chemical functionalization methods including [2+ +1]/[2+ +2] cycloadditions, [15][16][17] Prato reactions, [18,19] Bingel-Hirsch reactions, [20] disilylations, [21] azide addition reactions, [22] Lewis acid-base addition reactions [23,24] and radical reactions have been developed. [25][26][27] In contrast, for the less abundant Sc 3 N@D 3h -C 78 ,i ts chemical functionalization has been scarcely reported due mainly to the lowered cage symmetry and consequently much more isomeric adducts,leading to the requirement of the tedious separation procedure. [8] Indeed, there are 13 nonequivalent CÀCb onds on the D 3h -C 78 carbon cage composed of seven and six types of [6,6]-bonds and [5,6]-bonds,r espectively,w hereas only one types of [6,6]-bonds and [5,6]-bonds exist for I h -C 80 cage ( Figure 1a).…”

“…Upon chemical functionalization of NCFs, the resultant derivatives exhibit improved solubility and enhanced electron transport abilities, thus can be applied in many fields such as organic photovoltaic, catalysis [10, 11] and biomedicine, etc [12–14] . Among NCFs, the most abundant Sc 3 N@ I h ‐C 80 has been investigated at most, and a series of chemical functionalization methods including [2+1]/[2+2] cycloadditions, [15–17] Prato reactions, [18, 19] Bingel‐Hirsch reactions, [20] disilylations, [21] azide addition reactions, [22] Lewis acid‐base addition reactions [23, 24] and radical reactions have been developed [25–27] . In contrast, for the less abundant Sc 3 N@ D 3 h ‐C 78 , its chemical functionalization has been scarcely reported due mainly to the lowered cage symmetry and consequently much more isomeric adducts, leading to the requirement of the tedious separation procedure [8] .…”

New Horizons in Chemical Functionalization of Endohedral Metallofullerenes

“…Findings from early studies of their synthesis, structures, and properties were summarized in several reports [2][3][4][5]. In addition, research progress after 2010 has been described in several published reviews [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Recent progress on silylation and germylation of EMFs was reviewed by Kako et al [14] However, several chemical reactions of EMFs have been developed since.…”