Exophthalmogenic Activity of the β Subunit of Thyrotropin

Kohn, Leonard D.; Winand, René

doi:10.1210/endo-96-6-1592

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Materials-Highly purified bovine TSH was obtained from the hormone distribution program, NIDDKD, National Institutes of Health (NIDDK-bTSH; 30 units/mg), or was a previously described preparation, 26 Ϯ 3 units/mg, homogeneous by ultracentrifugation, about 27,500 in molecular weight, with the amino acid and carbohydrate composition of TSH (25). [␣- 32 P]Deoxy-CTP (3000 Ci/mmol) and [ 14 C]chloramphenicol (50 mCi/mmol) were from NEN Life Science Products and [␥- 32 P]ATP from Amersham Corp. Anti-CREB-327 or -activating transcription factor-2 (ATF-2), and their preimmune counterparts, was the gift of Dr. James P. Hoeffler, Invitrogen, San Diego, CA.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Gene Expression in Thyroid Cells

Saji¹,

Shong²,

Napolitano³

et al. 1997

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Gene Expression in Thyroid Cells

Saji¹,

Shong²,

Napolitano³

et al. 1997

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…This is a readily performed diagnostic test which is useful for detecting patients in whom ophthalmopathy is clinically inapparent, but there are diurnal changes in the values obtained (unpublished observations) and the presence of an abnormal value does not distinguish between ophthalmopathy and other causes of eye muscle restriction including tumour, myositis (pseudotumour) Many of the hypotheses advanced to account for Graves' ophthalmopathy are only of historic interest. However, one such suggestion, namely that excessive thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion accounted for both hyperthyroidism and exophthalmos (the latter by a direct action of TSH on the eye; Dobyns 1950) was later extended by Kohn & Winand (1975). They demonstrated that partial proteolysis of TSH yielded an exophthalmosproducing factor (EPF) as tested in vivo in guinea pigs.…”

Section: Ophthalmological Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular Manifestations of Graves' Disease: A Review

Weetman¹,

McGregor²,

Hall³

1984

J R Soc Med

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Graves' ophthalmopathy is probably the most difficult management problem for the thyroidologist. This review aims to highlight recent advances in our knowledge of the condition in the fields of diagnosis, aetiology and treatment, but it will become apparent that much remains to be understood of the aetiology of Graves' ophthalmopathy which consequently impairs optimal management of the condition. DiagnosisThe presence of characteristic eye signs, namely periorbital oedema, chemosis, injection of the sclerae, exophthalmos, lid retraction and ophthalmoplegia in any combination, together with hyperthyroidism, present no difficulty in diagnosis. Problems may arise however if the patient is not and has not been thyrotoxic, in which case the condition is termed ophthalmic Graves' disease (OGD); in this subgroup the signs are often unilateral, raising the possibility of a retro-ocular space-occupying lesion in the differential diagnosis. Biochemical investigationsIn OGD thyroid hormone levels (total or free) by definition are not elevated. However, it should be remembered that patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis may have eye signs which are also covered by the term OGD (Ormston et al. 1973), so that T3 and T4 may be either normal or low in OGD and occasionally minor elevations of free T3 levels are seen in OGD (Teng & Yeo 1977). In a sequential study of 27 euthyroid patients with OGD followed for three years, one became hyperthyroid and 7 hypothyroid (Teng & Yeo 1977) and therefore long-term follow up of euthyroid OGD patients is important.The TSH response to TRH is abnormal in about half of the patients with OGD, being impaired or absent in 40% and exaggerated in 7% (Teng & Yeo 1977). As expected, a close correlation was also found in this study between T3-induced suppression of thyroidal radioactive iodine uptake and the results of the TRH test, so that the latter alone will suffice as a diagnostic test. Immunological investigationsThyroglobulin and microsomal antibodies occur in about 75% of patients with OGD, reflecting in part the presence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in some of these subjects. Such antibodies are readily measured and are valuable markers for OGD. TSH receptor antibodies, measured by their displacement of radiolabelled TSH from its thyroid receptor in vitro, are positive in 40% of OGD patients ) and thyroid-stimulating antibodies, measured by the thyroid slice-cAMP release assay, were found in all 6 patients tested with OGD and an impaired TSH response to TRH; 4 subjects with OGD and a normal TRH test did not have such antibodies (Zakarija et al. 1980). The use of such assays adds little to the diagnostic information more easily available from the TRH test and tests for conventional thyroid autoantibodies.

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The Thyroid

Woeber¹,

Braverman²

1976

The Year in Endocrinology, 1975–1976

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Exophthalmogenic Activity of the β Subunit of Thyrotropin

Cited by 3 publications

References 5 publications

Regulation of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Gene Expression in Thyroid Cells

Regulation of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Gene Expression in Thyroid Cells

Ocular Manifestations of Graves' Disease: A Review

The Thyroid

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