Exopolysaccharide from Lactobacillus plantarum HY7714 Protects against Skin Aging through Skin–Gut Axis Communication

Abstract

Skin aging occurs inevitably as a natural result of physiological changes over time. In particular, solar exposure of the skin accounts for up to 90% of skin damage. Numerous studies have examined the ability of dietary constituents to prevent skin aging, and recent research has emphasized the role of functional probiotics in intestinal function and skin aging. However, the mechanism of the interactions between aging and probiotics has not been elucidated yet. The aim of this study was to determine the role of exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) identified as Lactobacillus plantarum HY7714 in regulating tight junctions in intestinal epithelial cells and increasing moisture retention in human dermal fibroblasts cells. We observed that HY7714 EPS controlled intestinal tight junctions in Caco-2 cells by upregulating the genes encoding occludin-1 (OCL-1) and zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1). In addition, HY7714 EPS effectively improved UVB-induced cytotoxicity and hydration capacity in HS68 cells by downregulating production of metalloproteinases (MMPs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). In summary, HY7714 EPS is an effective anti-aging molecule in skin and may have therapeutic potential against skin diseases and UVB-induced damage. Therefore, HY7714 EPS serves as a functional substance in skin–gut axis communication.

How Microbiomes Affect Skin Aging: The Updated Evidence and Current Perspectives

“…Furthermore, studies determining the connection between Lactobacillus plantarum HY7714, Bifidobacterium breve B-3, and skin protection have been conducted. Findings suggest that there were functional substances in the skin–gut axis communication, which interact in a photoprotective manner, resulting in an anti-aging effect in a mouse model [ 72 , 73 , 74 ], and administration of Lactobacillus plantarum HY7714 can decrease the symptoms of UV-induced skin photo-aging in humans [ 75 ].…”

“…In addition, Exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by Lactobacillus plantarum HY7714 possess many biological activities, including immunomodulatory and antioxidant activity. HY7714 EPS regulates the intestinal tight junction in human intestinal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) by upregulating the genes encoding occluding-1 (OCL-1) and zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) that act on the gut-skin axis to change the properties of dermal cells [ 72 ]. Probiotics may work to restore the balance between free radical scavengers and free radical production.…”

Microbiome and Human Aging: Probiotic and Prebiotic Potentials in Longevity, Skin Health and Cellular Senescence

“…The skin and the gut microbiome draw many comparisons with regards to purpose and function [44]. Both act as the body's main interfaces with the external environment and must therefore be maintained at homeostasis.…”

“…Earlier reports suggest oral probiotics to be beneficial in mitigating several indications of skin aging, including acidic skin pH, oxidative stress, photodamage and skin barrier dysfunction [84]. Bacterial species, particularly Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, interact with dermal fibroblasts in a photoprotective manner, thereby exhibiting an anti-aging effect [44]. These beneficial bacteria also exhibit anti-inflammatory properties on human intestinal cells for the regulation of tight junctions.…”

Natural Products and Skin Diseases

“…It is well documented that UVB induces cytotoxicity and the production of metalloproteinases (MMPs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Likewise, medicinal plant extracts such as exopolysaccharides produced by lactic acid bacteria, namely Lactobacillus plantarum HY7714, effectively counteract UVB-induced damage and increase the moisture retention in human fibroblasts [ 11 ]. These observations, investigated by Lee et al, suggest that exopolysaccharides, particularly from L. plantarum , are anti-ageing molecules and could serve as functional substances in skin–gut axis communication.…”