Exosome DNA: Critical regulator of tumor immunity and a diagnostic biomarker

Sharma, Aman; Johnson, Abiya

doi:10.1002/jcp.29153

Cited by 93 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…LncRNA growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5) mediated by exosomes was also identified as a promising serum-based biomarker for early non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) diagnosis (77). It is widely proven that some exosomal DNAs, RNAs, proteins, and other bioactive molecules are emerging as critical and ideal noninvasive biomarkers for various benign and malignant diseases (78)(79)(80)(81)(82).…”

Section: Exosome Uptake and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosome-Derived LncRNAs in Lung Cancer

Fan

Sun

2020

Front. Oncol.

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As extracellular vesicles, exosomes are released from most cells to perform cell-cell communication. Recent studies have shown that exosomes could be released into tumor microenvironment and blood to promote tumor progression through packaging and transmitting various bioactive molecules, such as cholesterol, proteins, lipids, miRNAs, mRNAs, and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) to distant cells. LncRNAs have emerged as a major class of non-coding transcripts. A lot of LncRNAs have been discovered during the past few years of research on genomics. They have been proven to participate in various biological functions and disease processes through multiple mechanisms. In this review, we analyzed the role of exosome-derived lncRNAs in lung carcinogenesis and metastasis. We also highlight opportunities for the clinical potential of exosomes with specific lncRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic intervention in lung cancer.

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Section: Exosome Uptake and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosome-Derived LncRNAs in Lung Cancer

Fan

Sun

2020

Front. Oncol.

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“…27 Compared to RNA, people still know little about exosomal DNA. 28 Sansone et al reported that DNA fragments originated from either nucleus or mitochondria could be packaged into exosomes by an unknown pathway. 29 As containing specific mutation of parental cells, exosomal DNA could emerge as a diagnostic marker for disease.…”

Section: General Concept Of Evsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…29 As containing specific mutation of parental cells, exosomal DNA could emerge as a diagnostic marker for disease. 28 However, new evidence indicated there might be no DNA in exosomes. Jeppesen et al reassessed the composition of exosomes and reported that the double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) associated histones were present in the nonvesicular (NV) components rather than in small EVs.…”

Section: General Concept Of Evsmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Extracellular Vesicles – Advanced Nanocarriers in Cancer Therapy: Progress and Achievements</p>

Huyan¹,

Li²,

Peng³

et al. 2020

IJN

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a class of cell-derived, lipid bilayer membrane composed vesicles, and some of them such as exosomes and ectosomes have been proven, playing remarkable roles in transmitting intercellular information, and being involved in each property of cell physiological activities. Nowadays, EVs are considered as potential nanocarriers which could partially resolve the problems of current chemotherapy because of their distinctive advantages. As endogenous membrane encompassed vesicles with nanosize, EVs are able to pass through the natural barriers with prolonged circulation time in vivo and have intrinsic cell targeting properties, they are less toxic, and less immunogenic. Recently, studies focusing on EV-based drug delivery system for cancer therapy have exploded dramatically. This review aims to outline the current applications of EVs as potential nanosized drug carriers in cancer therapy. Firstly, the characteristics and biofunctions of each EV subtype are described. Then the variety of therapeutic cargoes, the loading methods, and the targeting strategy of engineered EVs are emphatically introduced. Thereafter the pros and cons of EVs applied as therapeutic carriers, as well as the future prospects in this field, are discussed.

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“…Exosomal DNA, through regulation of cytoplasmic DNA sensing STING pathway, acts as a regulator of tumor immunity. Exosomal DNA exchange between tumor cells and dendritic cells regulate anti-tumor immunity [71]. Characteristics of glioma, especially GBM's aggressive invasion, metastasis, and recurrence, are attributed to its powerful immunosuppression.…”

Section: Pd-l1mentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA Associated with Circulating Exosomes as a Biomarker for Glioma

Vaidya

Sugaya

2020

Genes

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Cancerous and non-cancerous cells secrete exosomes, a type of nanovesicle known to carry the molecular signature of the parent for intercellular communications. Exosomes secreted by tumor cells carry abnormal DNA, RNA, and protein molecules that reflect the cancerous status. DNA is the master molecule that ultimately affects the function of RNA and proteins. Aberrations in DNA can potentially lead a cell to malignancy. Deviant quantities and the differential sequences of exosomal DNA are useful characteristics as cancer biomarkers. Since these alterations are either associated with specific stages of cancer or caused due to a clinical treatment, exosomal DNA is valuable as a diagnostic, prognostic, predictive, and therapeutic-intervention response biomarker. Notably, the exosomes can cross an intact blood–brain barrier and anatomical compartments by transcytosis. As such, the cancer-specific trademark molecules can be detected in systemic blood circulation and other body fluids, including cerebrospinal fluid, with non-invasive or minimally invasive procedures. This comprehensive review highlights the cancer-specific modulations of DNA associated with circulating exosomes that are beneficial as glioma biomarkers.

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Exosome DNA: Critical regulator of tumor immunity and a diagnostic biomarker

Cited by 93 publications

References 114 publications

Exosome-Derived LncRNAs in Lung Cancer

Exosome-Derived LncRNAs in Lung Cancer

<p>Extracellular Vesicles – Advanced Nanocarriers in Cancer Therapy: Progress and Achievements</p>

DNA Associated with Circulating Exosomes as a Biomarker for Glioma

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