Exosomes: A bridge of periodontitis and systemic diseases

Abstract

Periodontitis, a common oral disease, is featured with complex etiology, progressive and prognosis varies according to the severity of periodontitis. Exosomes belong a kind of cystic vesicles with biological activity, which widely exist in human body fluids. Exosomes play an irreparable role in signal transmission and material exchange between cells, maintaining cell functions, and regulating body immunity and homeostasis. Exosomes are closely related to periodontitis, and recent study of exosomes has provided new directions and ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of periodontitis. Similarly, as extracellular vesicles, exosomes play a bridging role between periodontitis and some systemic diseases. In this process, exosomes participate in and regulate the process of systemic diseases by carrying nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, etc., and exhibit different bioactive effects according to the different substances carried in exosomes. In this paper, we summarize the latest research progress of exosomes, especially in the periodontitis and some systemic diseases, and review the potential value of exosomes in periodontitis diagnosis and treatments.

Clinical Efficacy of Extracellular Vesicle Therapy in Periodontitis: Reduced Inflammation and Enhanced Regeneration

“…This could help disrupt the pathogenic crosstalk between oral and systemic inflammation that contributes to the initiation and progression of associated comorbidities. Additionally, exosomes can also carry and deliver immunomodulatory cargo that could influence systemic inflammatory processes [ 84 , 85 ]. As such, applying EV therapy for periodontitis may have far-reaching impacts beyond just oral health by targeting shared inflammatory mechanisms underlying various systemic diseases.…”

Obesity Modifies the Proteomic Profile of the Periodontal Ligament

“…They have different functions, and are involved in intracellular regulatory processes such as cellular homeostasis and autophagy, for example Furthermore, they act as mediators in intercellular communication, immune responses, and infection. Interestingly, exosomes are considered as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases [ 35 ]. Exosomes in obesity become altered with different miRNAs and enriched with molecules involved in inflammation, immune competence, and cellular activation.…”

High‐sensitivity immunoassay on interdigitated electrode to detect osteoporosis biological marker

“…Due to the reduction of mass, bones tend to be fragile and lead to sudden fractures. [1][2][3] Osteoporosis comes without obvious symptoms until the fracture of bone occurs. Early identification helps to provide better treatment and recovery.…”

“…Osteoporosis is a silent bone disease caused by decreasing the mass and strength of bone. Due to the reduction of mass, bones tend to be fragile and lead to sudden fractures 1–3 . Osteoporosis comes without obvious symptoms until the fracture of bone occurs.…”