Exosomes: A New Pathway for Cancer Drug Resistance

Zhong, Yunbin; Li, Haibo; Li, Peiwen; Chen, Yong; Zhang, Mengyao; Yuan, Zhendong; Zhang, Yufang; Xu, Zhijie; Luo, Geng Qiu; Fang, Yuan; Xu, Li

doi:10.3389/fonc.2021.743556

Cited by 51 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“… 11 , 12 Exosomes have a double-membrane structure with an abundance of cargo contents, such as proteins, messenger RNAs (mRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), lipids, and viral particles, and exhibit a dish-like or cup-shaped morphology under electron microscopy. 13 , 14 Exosomes can be isolated from body fluids, such as blood plasma or serum, ascites, saliva, urine, ejaculate, and human breast milk, and are released by numerous cell types, including cancer cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and immune cells. 15 , 16 , 17 At present, ultracentrifugation (UC) is a commonly applied technique to isolate exosomes and can be conducted in one of the two ways: differential based or density gradient based.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleic acids and proteins carried by exosomes of different origins as potential biomarkers for gynecologic cancers

Wang

Pan

Zheng

et al. 2022

Molecular Therapy - Oncolytics

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Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with a diameter of 30–150 nm that function in mediating intercellular communication and intercellular material exchange. The liposomal membrane of exosomes protects the cargo carried by exosomes from degradation and assists in transporting cargo to recipient cells to regulate a variety of physiological and pathological processes. The incidence of gynecologic cancers is increasing annually, which is extremely harmful to the lives and health of women because such cancers are challenging to detect at the early stage. Recently, exosomes have emerged as novel biomarkers for diagnosing and predicting the development of gynecologic cancers. In particular, non-coding RNAs (microRNAs [miRNAs], long non-coding RNAs [lncRNAs], and circular RNAs [circRNAs]) carried by exosomes have been extensively investigated in gynecologic cancers. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to focus on the potential roles of exosomes of different origins in ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, and endometrial cancer, which will help to determine the molecular mechanism of carcinogenesis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleic acids and proteins carried by exosomes of different origins as potential biomarkers for gynecologic cancers

Wang

Pan

Zheng

et al. 2022

Molecular Therapy - Oncolytics

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“…Several signaling pathways could be induced and suppressed by exosomes. Moreover, exosomes could contribute to the metastasis and drug resistance of cancer cells [30]. Significantly, exosomes that were generated from OC cells could induce niche formatting before metastasis through inhibiting immune responses, angiogenesis and the reformation of oncogenes [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Downregulated exosome-associated gene FGF9 as a novel diagnostic and prognostic target for ovarian cancer and its underlying roles in immune regulation

Cai

Liu

et al. 2022

Aging

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Exosome has been demonstrated to be secreted from cells and seized by targeted cells. Exosome could transmit signals and exert biological functions in cancer progression. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms of exosome in ovarian cancer (OC) have not been fully explored. In this study, we wanted to explore whether Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9), as an exosome-associated gene, was importantly essential in OC progression and prognosis. Firstly, comprehensive bioinformatics platforms were applied to find that FGF9 expression was lower in OC tissues compared to normal ovarian tissues. Meanwhile, downregulated FGF9 displayed favorable prognostic values in OC patients. The gene enrichment of biological functions indicated that abnormally expressed FGF9 could be involved in the OC-related immune signatures, such as immunoinhibitors and chemokine receptors. Taken together, these findings could provide a novel insight into the significance of FGF9 in OC progress and supply a new destination of FGF9-related immunotherapy in clinical treatment.

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“…Extracellular vesicles (EVs), membrane-encased vesicles secreted by cells, deliver cytoplasmic or membrane contents to nearby cells and are detectable in biological fluids (9,10). Although EVs were initially relegated as entities for cellular waste disposal, nowadays, they work as messengers in intercellular communication (11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although EVs were initially relegated as entities for cellular waste disposal, nowadays, they work as messengers in intercellular communication (11). EVs are either buds from the endosomal network (exosomes) or derived from the plasma membrane (microvesicles) (10). Exosomes are lipid bilayerencapsulated vesicles with a diameter ranging from 30 to 120 nm and are shed by diverse cell populations containing neoplastic cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Understanding of Exosomal MicroRNAs in Glioma Immune Regulation and Therapeutic Responses

Peng

Liang

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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Exosomes, the small extracellular vesicles, are released by multiple cell types, including tumor cells, and represent a novel avenue for intercellular communication via transferring diverse biomolecules. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) were demonstrated to be enclosed in exosomes and therefore was protected from degradation. Such exosomal miRNAs can be transmitted to recipient cells where they could regulate multiple cancer-associated biological processes. Accumulative evidence suggests that exosomal miRNAs serve essential roles in modifying the glioma immune microenvironment and potentially affecting the malignant behaviors and therapeutic responses. As exosomal miRNAs are detectable in almost all kinds of biofluids and correlated with clinicopathological characteristics of glioma, they might be served as promising biomarkers for gliomas. We reviewed the novel findings regarding the biological functions of exosomal miRNAs during glioma pathogenesis and immune regulation. Furthermore, we elaborated on their potential clinical applications as biomarkers in glioma diagnosis, prognosis and treatment response prediction. Finally, we summarized the accessible databases that can be employed for exosome-associated miRNAs identification and functional exploration of cancers, including glioma.

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Exosomes: A New Pathway for Cancer Drug Resistance

Cited by 51 publications

References 93 publications

Nucleic acids and proteins carried by exosomes of different origins as potential biomarkers for gynecologic cancers

Nucleic acids and proteins carried by exosomes of different origins as potential biomarkers for gynecologic cancers

Downregulated exosome-associated gene FGF9 as a novel diagnostic and prognostic target for ovarian cancer and its underlying roles in immune regulation

Current Understanding of Exosomal MicroRNAs in Glioma Immune Regulation and Therapeutic Responses

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