Exosomes derived from HTLV-1 infected cells contain the viral protein Tax

Narayanan, Aarthi; Jaworski, Elizabeth; Duyne, Rachel Van; Iordanskiy, Sergey; Guendel, Irene; Das, Ravi; Currer, Robert; Sampey, Gavin C.; Chung, Myung-Jin; Kehn-Hall, Kylene; Bailey, Charles; Popratiloff, Anastas; Kashanchi, Fatah

doi:10.1186/1742-4690-11-s1-o46

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Though there are significant data available on the role of EVs in pulmonary diseases, the involvement of EVs in HTLV-1-associated alveolitis and bronchiectasis still remains unexplored. It is possible that EVs from HTLV-1-infected cells carrying Tax and ICAM-1 [ 57 , 82 , 197 ] may be a participant in the increased inflammation observed in these patients. A further detailed study is warranted to explore how EVs can contribute in the pathophysiology of pulmonary disease associated with HTLV-1 infection.…”

Section: Evs In Htlv-1-related Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, in the case of virally induced cancers such ATLL, tumor-derived EVs carry viral proteins can possibly upregulate host proteins and exacerbate the course of the disease. EVs may potentially play a major role in HTLV-1 induced cancers as they often contain viral proteins and RNAs that can influence cell cycle in the recipient cells [ 88 , 197 ]. Removal of the tumor-derived EVs from the cell-cell communication environment might provide therapeutic benefits to patients.…”

Section: Treatments Used To Modulate Ev Biogenesis Release and Umentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Extracellular Vesicles in HTLV-1 Communication: The Story of an Invisible Messenger

Sharif

Pinto

Mensah

et al. 2020

Viruses

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infects 5–10 million people worldwide and is the causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) as well as other inflammatory diseases. A major concern is that the most majority of individuals with HTLV-1 are asymptomatic carriers and that there is limited global attention by health care officials, setting up potential conditions for increased viral spread. HTLV-1 transmission occurs primarily through sexual intercourse, blood transfusion, intravenous drug usage, and breast feeding. Currently, there is no cure for HTLV-1 infection and only limited treatment options exist, such as class I interferons (IFN) and Zidovudine (AZT), with poor prognosis. Recently, small membrane-bound structures, known as extracellular vesicles (EVs), have received increased attention due to their potential to carry viral cargo (RNA and proteins) in multiple pathogenic infections (i.e., human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1), Zika virus, and HTLV-1). In the case of HTLV-1, EVs isolated from the peripheral blood and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) of HAM/TSP patients contained the viral transactivator protein Tax. Additionally, EVs derived from HTLV-1-infected cells (HTLV-1 EVs) promote functional effects such as cell aggregation which enhance viral spread. In this review, we present current knowledge surrounding EVs and their potential role as immune-modulating agents in cancer and other infectious diseases such as HTLV-1 and HIV-1. We discuss various features of EVs that make them prime targets for possible vehicles of future diagnostics and therapies.

show abstract

Section: Evs In Htlv-1-related Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Treatments Used To Modulate Ev Biogenesis Release and Umentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles in HTLV-1 Communication: The Story of an Invisible Messenger

Sharif

Pinto

Mensah

et al. 2020

Viruses

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Numerous studies have demonstrated that exosomes participate in cell-to-cell communication and the transfer of biologically active molecules [21,26]. Recent studies have shown that exosomes released from cells infected with viruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus, human T-cell lymphotropic virus, HCV, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpesvirus, or human papillomavirus, harbor and deliver many biologically active molecules, including viral and cellular RNAs and proteins, to neighboring cells, helping to establish productive infections [22,23,31,32,33,34]. On the other hand, additional studies have demonstrated that exosomes mediate intercellular transmission of antiviral molecules (e.g., type I IFNs, NKG2D ligands, and miRNA-29) and limit viral infection [29,30,35,36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosome-Mediated Delivery of Inducible miR-423-5p Enhances Resistance of MRC-5 Cells to Rabies Virus Infection

Wang

Teng

Zhao

et al. 2019

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The human diploid cell line Medical Research Council -5 (MRC-5) is commonly utilized for vaccine development. Although a rabies vaccine developed in cultured MRC-5 cells exists, the poor susceptibility of MRC-5 cells to the rabies virus (RABV) infection limits the potential yield of this vaccine. The underlying mechanism of MRC-5 cell resistance to RABV infection remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that viral infection increased exosomal release from MRC-5 cells; conversely, blocking exosome release promoted RABV infection in MRC-5 cells. Additionally, RABV infection up-regulated microRNA (miR)-423-5p expression in exosomes, resulting in feedback inhibition of RABV replication by abrogating the inhibitory effect of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) on type I interferon (IFN) signaling. Furthermore, intercellular delivery of miR-423-5p by exosomes inhibited RABV replication in MRC-5 cells. We also show that RABV infection increased IFN-β production in MRC-5 cells and that blocking the type I IFN receptor promoted RABV infection. In conclusion, MRC-5 cells were protected from RABV infection by the intercellular delivery of exosomal miR-423-5p and the up-regulation of IFN-β. These findings reveal novel antiviral mechanisms in MRC-5 cells against RABV infection. miR-423-5p, exosomes, and IFN signaling pathways may therefore be potential targets for improving MRC-5 cell-based rabies vaccine production.

show abstract

“…Similarly, another human retrovirus, the human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1), also appears to export viral components via the exosomal transport systems. Exosomes released from HTLV-1-infected cells contain not only viral mRNA transcripts, such as those for Tax, HBZ, and Env, but also the biologically active trans-activator protein, Tax [86,87]. Moreover, HTLV-1 Tax protein has been demonstrated in exosomes isolated from cerebrospinal fluid of patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis, suggesting that HTLV-1 may modulate its microenvironment by selective secretion of specific viral cargo [88].…”

Section: Viral Signatures In Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes and Their Role in Viral Infections

Khan¹,

Ahmed²,

Philip³

2017

Novel Implications of Exosomes in Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer and Infectious Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Exosomes are excretory nano-vesicles that are formed by the cell's endocytic system and shed from the surface of almost all types of cells. These tiny extracellular vesicles, once thought to be "garbage bags for cells," carry a wide variety of molecules of cellular origin, including proteins, lipids, and RNAs, that are selectively incorporated during the formation of exosomes. Exosomes are now known to play a central role in several important biological processes such as cellular communication, intercellular transfer of bioactive molecules, and immune modulation. Recent advances in the field have shown that a number of animal viruses can exploit the exosomal pathway by incorporating specific cellular or viral factors within exosomes, in order to modulate the cellular microenvironment and influence downstream processes such as host immunity and virus spread. In this chapter, we provide an overview of our current understanding of exosome biogenesis and how this normal physiological process is hijacked by some pathogenic viruses. Viral components that appear to be selectively incorporated into exosomes and the potential role of these exosomes in viral pathogenesis are discussed. Identifying viral signatures in exosomes and their mode of action is fundamental for any future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for viral infections.

show abstract

Exosomes derived from HTLV-1 infected cells contain the viral protein Tax

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Extracellular Vesicles in HTLV-1 Communication: The Story of an Invisible Messenger

Extracellular Vesicles in HTLV-1 Communication: The Story of an Invisible Messenger

Exosome-Mediated Delivery of Inducible miR-423-5p Enhances Resistance of MRC-5 Cells to Rabies Virus Infection

Exosomes and Their Role in Viral Infections

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About