Exosomes for Regulation of Immune Responses and Immunotherapy

Hussain, Md Walid Akram; Jahangir, Sarah; Ghosh, Bikona; Yesmin, Farjana; Anis, Afnan; Satil, Sabikun Nahar; Anwar, Faizan; Rashid, Mohammad H.

doi:10.3390/jnt3010005

Cited by 32 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 254 publications

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“…This includes the identification of the role of exosomes as biomarkers and therapeutic tools for T1DM [ 129 , 130 ]. To highlight here that microfluidics has been developed to isolate exosomes to control autoimmune pancreas inflammation and stop T1DM progression as well as for diagnosis [ 131 ].…”

Section: In Vitro Research and Future T1dm Related Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review on Advances and Challenges in Creating Insulin Producing Devices

et al. 2023

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Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is the most common autoimmune chronic disease in young patients. It is caused by the destruction of pancreatic endocrine β-cells that produce insulin in specific areas of the pancreas, known as islets of Langerhans. As a result, the body becomes insulin deficient and hyperglycemic. Complications associated with diabetes are life-threatening and the current standard of care for T1DM consists still of insulin injections. Lifesaving, exogenous insulin replacement is a chronic and costly burden of care for diabetic patients. Alternative therapeutic options have been the focus in these fields. Advances in molecular biology technologies and in microfabrication have enabled promising new therapeutic options. For example, islet transplantation has emerged as an effective treatment to restore the normal regulation of blood glucose in patients with T1DM. However, this technique has been hampered by obstacles, such as limited islet availability, extensive islet apoptosis, and poor islet vascular engraftment. Many of these unsolved issues need to be addressed before a potential cure for T1DM can be a possibility. New technologies like organ-on-a-chip platforms (OoC), multiplexed assessment tools and emergent stem cell approaches promise to enhance therapeutic outcomes. This review will introduce the disorder of type 1 diabetes mellitus, an overview of advances and challenges in the areas of microfluidic devices, monitoring tools, and prominent use of stem cells, and how they can be linked together to create a viable model for the T1DM treatment. Microfluidic devices like OoC platforms can establish a crucial platform for pathophysiological and pharmacological studies as they recreate the pancreatic environment. Stem cell use opens the possibility to hypothetically generate a limitless number of functional pancreatic cells. Additionally, the integration of stem cells into OoC models may allow personalized or patient-specific therapies.

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Section: In Vitro Research and Future T1dm Related Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review on Advances and Challenges in Creating Insulin Producing Devices

et al. 2023

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“…At this point, the exosome can fuse with the cell membrane, and its content is released inside the cell [47]. Exosomes have mostly been characterized in immune cells (dendritic cells, B cells, T cells, and macrophages) and tumors [48]. Internalization of exosomes by tumor cells affects cellular pathways and several cancer hallmarks, including reprogramming of stromal cells, modulating immune responses, reconstructing extracellular matrix architecture, or even endowing tumor cells with drug-features resistance [49].…”

Section: Exosomes: Biogenesis Release and Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advancements on the Use of Exosomes as Drug Carriers for the Treatment of Glioblastoma

Galardi

Bethlen

Paolo

et al. 2023

Life

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Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive cancer of the brain. Presently, GBM patients have a poor prognosis, and therapy primarily aims to extend the life expectancy of affected patients. The current treatment of GBM in adult cases and high-grade gliomas in the pediatric population involves a multimodal approach that includes surgical resection followed by simultaneous chemo/radiotherapy. Exosomes are nanoparticles that transport proteins and nucleic acids and play a crucial role in mediating intercellular communication. Recent evidence suggests that these microvesicles may be used as biological carriers and offer significant advantages in targeted therapy. Due to their inherent cell-targeting properties, circulation stability, and biocompatibility, exosomes are emerging as promising new carriers for drugs and biotherapeutics. Furthermore, these nanovesicles are a repository of potential diagnostic and prognostic markers. In this review, we focus on the therapeutic potentials of exosomes in nano-delivery and describe the latest evidence of their use as a therapeutic tool in GBM.

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“…So far, there is a consensus on the assumption that exosomes are involved in the modulation of the immune system, the activation of the complement cascade, and also in pathophysiological processes such as multi-drug resistance (MDR) in cancer [ 42 , 112 ]. Hereby, the functional heterogeneity of exosomes depends on the cell or tissue of origin, which in part determines the different sets of their contents [ 45 , 112 ].…”

Section: Pathophysiology In Different Urological and Nephrological Or...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, natural killer cells (NK cells) release EVs that contain cell-destructive proteins (FasL, perforins) and tumor-suppressing non-coding RNA (miR-186). On the contrary, EVs secreted by antigen presenting cells (APCs), such as dendritic cells (DCs) and proinflammatory M1-macrophages, contain immunostimulatory proteins like MHC-I and MHC-II [ 42 ].…”

Section: Pathophysiology In Different Urological and Nephrological Or...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance and implications of exosomes in nephrology and urology

Mahl

Ollig

Schweihofer

et al. 2022

Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol

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Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that are formed by two invaginations of the plasma membrane and can be released by all eukaryotic cells. Because of their bioactive contents, including nucleic acids and proteins, exosomes can activate a variety of functions in their recipient cells. Due to the plethora of physiological and pathophysiological functions, exosomes have received a lot of attention from researchers over the past few years. However, there is still no consensus regarding isolation and characterization protocols of exosomes and their subtypes. This heterogeneity poses a lot of methodical challenges but also offers new clinical opportunities simultaneously. So far, exosome-based research is still mostly limited to preclinical experiments and early-stage clinical trials since the translation of experimental findings remains difficult. Exosomes could potentially play an important role as future diagnostic and prognostic agents and might also be part of the development of new treatment strategies. Therefore, they have previously been investigated in a variety of nephrological and urological conditions such as acute kidney injury or prostate cancer.

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Exosomes for Regulation of Immune Responses and Immunotherapy

Cited by 32 publications

References 254 publications

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review on Advances and Challenges in Creating Insulin Producing Devices

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review on Advances and Challenges in Creating Insulin Producing Devices

Recent Advancements on the Use of Exosomes as Drug Carriers for the Treatment of Glioblastoma

Importance and implications of exosomes in nephrology and urology

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