Exosomes in sarcomas: Tiny messengers with broad implications in diagnosis, surveillance, prognosis and treatment

Masaoutis, Christos; Korkolopoulou, Penelope; Theocharis, Stamatios

doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2019.02.025

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Some studies uncovered the potential function of exosomes derived from various cells to regulate multiple processes, such as immune responses, tumor cell development, and cardiomyocyte survival, by mediating the communication among cells (Steinbichler et al, 2019). Exosomes, with a diameter of 50-150 nm, can be secreted from cardiomyocytes in an inducible manner and play a critical role in bridging the contact between cardiomyocytes, by carrying and releasing cytokines, trophic factors, and signaling molecules in cardiovascular disease (Cheng M. et al, 2019;Masaoutis et al, 2019). For example, Ribeiro-Rodrigues TM et al established that exosomes secreted by cardiomyocytes under ischemic conditions promoted cardiac angiogenesis (Ribeiro-Rodrigues et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes Derived From Epigallocatechin Gallate-Treated Cardiomyocytes Attenuated Acute Myocardial Infarction by Modulating MicroRNA-30a

et al. 2020

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Background: Ischemia-derived exosomes can restrict excessive autophagy by transferring microRNA-30a (miR30a) to cells. Reports have confirmed that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) alleviates acute myocardial infarction (AMI) by regulating autophagy; however, research evaluating the communication with cardiomyocytes and exosomes is lacking. This study aimed to explore whether exosomes derived from EGCGtreated cardiomyocytes mitigated AMI by adjusting miR30a to inactivate apoptosis and autophagy. Methods: Exosomes were extracted from cardiomyocytes, cultured either in control or AMI condition, with or without EGCG pretreatment. The exosome characteristics were analyzed by nanoparticle tracking analyses and transmission electron microscopy. The change in miR30a in cells and exosomes was demonstrated by qRT-PCR. H9c2 or stable miR30a knockdown (miR30a KD) cell lines were incubated with exosomes derived from EGCG-treated cardiomyocytes in vitro or in vivo. The effect of EGCG and exosomes on I/ R-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and autophagy was assessed. Results: EGCG improved the activity of cardiomyocytes, and increased average diameter, concentration, miR30a mRNA level, and specific protein expression in AMIderived exosomes produced by cardiomyocytes. Moreover, the coincubation of AMI cells with EGCG or exosomes derived from EGCG-treated cardiomyocytes attenuated cardiomyocyte apoptosis and autophagy. Conclusions: The findings showed that EGCG upregulates miR30a, which was efficiently transferred via exosomes between cardiomyocytes, thereby contributing to the suppression of apoptosis and autophagy. By focusing on the cardiomyocyte microenvironment, we identified a new target of EGCG alleviating AMI by regulating apoptosis and autophagy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes Derived From Epigallocatechin Gallate-Treated Cardiomyocytes Attenuated Acute Myocardial Infarction by Modulating MicroRNA-30a

et al. 2020

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“…If the generic term “ extracellular vesicles ” instead of “ exosomes ” was used, the study was included only if isolation methods specific to exosomes had been applied. The paragraph dedicated to exosomes in the introduction was based on results from the relevant literature searches we conducted recently [18, 21]. Ultimately, the literature cited includes 119 peer-reviewed original articles and reviews published from 2001 up to 2019 in English.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike the most extensive part of the literature on exosomes, which deals predominantly with cancer, we intend to feature their function in physiology and nonneoplastic pathophysiology of the bone. Recent reviews have elucidated their role in primary bone cancers [18] or in bone metastases [19, 20], which hence falls beyond the scope of the present paper. However, we exceptionally and briefly address the role of exosomes in multiple myeloma-related osteolysis, as the latter appears to be the result of a tumor-induced pathophysiological deregulation rather than tumoral invasion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Exosomes in Bone Remodeling: Implications for Bone Physiology and Disease

Masaoutis

Theocharis

2019

Disease Markers

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Bone remodeling represents a physiological phenomenon of continuous bone tissue renewal that requires fine orchestration of multiple cell types, which is critical for the understanding of bone disease but not yet clarified in precise detail. Exosomes, which are cell-secreted nanovesicles drawing increasing attention for their broad biosignaling functions, can shed new light on how multiple heterogeneous cells communicate for the purpose of bone remodeling. In the healthy bone, exosomes transmit signals favoring both bone synthesis and resorption, regulating the differentiation, recruitment, and activity of most cell types involved in bone remodeling and even assuming an active role in extracellular matrix mineralization. Additionally, in the ailing bone, they actively participate in pathogenic processes constituting also potential therapeutic agents and drug vectors. The present review summarizes the current knowledge on bone exosomes and bone remodeling in health and disease.

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“…The contents packaged into exosomes constitute intercellular mediators that can regulate certain physiologic processes including innate immunity, coagulation, spermatogenesis, central nervous system functions [ 6 ] , and bone remodeling [ 7 ]. In cancer biology, exosomes favor tumor progression by conditioning tumor microenvironment as well as remote premetastatic sites termed “premetastatic niches” [ 8 ] and can serve as liquid biopsies for various types of cancer [ 9 , 10 ]. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in identifying exosomal biomarkers for nonneoplastic diseases [ 11 – 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes in Nephropathies: A Rich Source of Novel Biomarkers

et al. 2020

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The biomarkers commonly utilized in diagnostic evaluations of kidney disease suffer from low sensitivity, especially in the early stages of renal damage. On the other hand, obtaining a renal biopsy to augment clinical decision making can lead to potentially serious complications. In order to overcome the shortcomings of currently available diagnostic tools, recent studies suggest that exosomes, cell-secreted extracellular vesicles containing a large array of active molecules to facilitate cell-to-cell communication, may represent a rich source of novel disease biomarkers. Because of their endocytic origin, exosomes carry markers typical for their parent cells, which could permit the localization of biochemical cellular alterations in specific kidney compartments. Different types of exosomes can be isolated from noninvasively obtained biofluids; however, in the context of kidney disease, evidence has emerged on the role of urinary exosomes in the diagnostic and predictive modeling of renal pathology. The current review summarizes the potential application of exosomes in the detection of acute and chronic inflammatory, metabolic, degenerative, and genetic renal diseases.

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Exosomes in sarcomas: Tiny messengers with broad implications in diagnosis, surveillance, prognosis and treatment

Cited by 17 publications

References 68 publications

Exosomes Derived From Epigallocatechin Gallate-Treated Cardiomyocytes Attenuated Acute Myocardial Infarction by Modulating MicroRNA-30a

Exosomes Derived From Epigallocatechin Gallate-Treated Cardiomyocytes Attenuated Acute Myocardial Infarction by Modulating MicroRNA-30a

The Role of Exosomes in Bone Remodeling: Implications for Bone Physiology and Disease

Exosomes in Nephropathies: A Rich Source of Novel Biomarkers

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