Expanding peace journalism: A new model for analyzing media representations of immigration

Abstract

This article aims to expand peace journalism scholarship by proposing a new peace journalism model for analyzing media representations of immigration. By employing framing and content analysis, the paper takes a closer look at the ways in which four Greek newspapers portrayed immigration in crisis-stricken Greece between 2011 and 2014. Results indicate that a conflict frame prevailed in the majority of all newspaper articles analyzed. In this context, immigration was portrayed (1) as an issue that generated conflict among different political and social groups, (2) through stereotypical portrayals of immigrants as a threat to public health and security, (3) as a mass of people in extreme conditions of exception, and (4) as a problem to almost every aspect of the Greek society: for tourism, trade, the economy or even Greece’s relationship with the EU. A peace frame, conversely, was identified in around one fourth of all news stories. At the same time, findings lead us to conclusions that transcend the peace and conflict journalism dualism revealing five distinct subframes that provide a more nuanced understanding of the peace journalism concept; (1) a ‘direct conflict subframe’ enhancing division and dispute over immigration, (2) a ‘journalism of conventions subframe’ following well-established journalistic conventions with important consequences on the quality of information, (3) a ‘journalism of values subframe’ being closer to the traditional values of journalism, (4) a ‘diversity journalism subframe’, including all elements referring to a pro-immigrant approach, and (5) a ‘positive peace subframe’, closer to Galtung’s notion of positive peace.

Mapping Journalists' Perspectives on Peace Journalism in Pakistan: Evaluating News Media War and Peace Potential

“…Freedom of expression is a basic human right that should not be misused or compromised. Theoretically, it supports the critical pragmatic approach, which maintains that journalists must actively interact with institutions to carry out their statutory tasks (Kalfeli et al, 2022;Yontucu et al, 2022). They have substantial theoretical and practical ramifications for peace journalism, explained further below.…”

“…Along with other democratic entities, the media has become one of the most significant victims of this evolution. The government has assassinated, maimed, intimidated, and kidnapped hundreds of journalists over the last few decades (Kalfeli et al, 2022). Others in Pakistan, including media scholars, associate growth in the television industry with an optimistic view that the country's powerful military is becoming more open to changing strategic realities (Hussain, 2020).…”

Peace Journalism Transmissions in Case of Papua Students by "Nu Online"

“…However, the coverage that defuses the conflict and focuses on the solution does not appear much in the media. Mass media, in contrast, report many conflict cases at a neutral level or take a safe zone (Kalfeli, Frangonikolopoulos, & Gardikiotis, 2020). Sometimes the media purposely use war journalism that relies on dramatization and tension.…”

Representaciones de la inmigración en los medios informativos españoles y su visibilidad como fuentes informativas

“…Otro aspecto importante a destacar, y que enlaza con las ideas de van Dijk (2009: 135), es la poca presencia de los propios protagonistas de los eventos, ya que "apenas el 5% de las noticias son narradas por sus protagonistas, las personas migrantes y refugiadas" (Málaga Acoge, 2018:39). En este sentido, varios estudios vienen corroborando esta característica en los tratamientos periodísticos de las migraciones, es decir, los protagonistas de los hechos suelen adoptar un papel secundario o pasivo (Kalfeli, Frangonikolopoulos y Gardikiotis, 2020;Alsina y Martínez, 1997;Retis, 2013Retis, , 2016van Dijk, 2018;Bañón Hernández, 2019).…”