Expanding Underrepresented in Medicine to Include Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Individuals

Kelly, Tim A.; Rodrı́guez, S.

doi:10.1097/acm.0000000000004720

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…According to the AAMC medical student matriculant questionnaire, 15.9% identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, and asexual plus (LGBTQIA+) in 2023 . Though understudied, there is low LGBTQIA+ representation in ophthalmology, with LGBTQIA+ trainees and ophthalmologists reporting challenges secondary to burnout and discrimination . Other factors, such as parental income and education, are also predictors of entry into medicine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 Though understudied, there is low L GBTQIA+ representation in ophthalmolog y, w ith LGBTQIA+ trainees and ophthalmologists reporting challenges secondary to burnout and discrimination. [7][8][9] Other factors, such as parental income and education, are also predictors of entry into medicine. Only 11.4% of medical school matriculants were first-generation college graduates in 2019, with students from lower socioeconomic backgrounds facing numerous challenges in the residency application process.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Bias Reduction Practices in Underrepresented Groups in Ophthalmology Resident Recruitment

Uner,

Choi,

Hwang

et al. 2024

JAMA Ophthalmol

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ImportanceBest recruitment practices for increasing diversity are well established, but the adoption and impact of these practices in ophthalmology residency recruitment are unknown.ObjectiveTo describe the adoption of bias reduction practices in groups underrepresented in ophthalmology (URiO) residency recruitment and determine which practices are effective for increasing URiO residents.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional survey study used an 18-item questionnaire included in the online survey of the Association of University Professors in Ophthalmology (AUPO) Residency Program Directors. Data collection occurred from July 2022 to December 2022. The data were initially analyzed on January 16, 2023. Participants included residency program directors (PDs) in the AUPO PD listserv database.Main Outcomes and MeasuresDescriptive analysis of resident selection committee approaches, evaluation of applicant traits, and use of bias reduction tools. Primary outcome was diversity assessed by presence of at least 1 resident in the last 5 classes who identified as URiO, including those underrepresented in medicine (URiM), lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, and asexual plus, or another disadvantaged background (eg, low socioeconomic status). Multivariate analyses of recruitment practices were conducted to determine which practices were associated with increased URiO and URiM.ResultsAmong 106 PDs, 65 completed the survey (61.3%). Thirty-nine PDs used an interview rubric (60.0%), 28 used interview standardization (43.0%), 56 provided at least 1 bias reduction tool to their selection committee (86.2%), and 44 used postinterview metrics to assess diversity, equity, and inclusion efforts (67.7%). Application filters, interview standardization, and postinterview metrics were not associated with increased URiO. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed larger residency class (odds ratio [OR], 1.34; 95% CI, 1.09-1.65; P = .01) and use of multiple selection committee bias reduction tools (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.13-1.92; P = .01) were positively associated with increased URiO, whereas use of interview rubrics (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.59-0.87; P = .001) and placing higher importance of applicant interest in a program (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.75-0.92; P = .02) were negatively associated. URiM analyses showed similar associations.Conclusions and RelevanceOphthalmology residency interviews are variably standardized. In this study, providing multiple bias reduction tools to selection committees was associated with increased URiO and URiM residents. Prioritizing applicant interest in a program may reduce resident diversity. Interview rubrics, while intended to reduce bias, may inadvertently increase inequity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Bias Reduction Practices in Underrepresented Groups in Ophthalmology Resident Recruitment

Uner,

Choi,

Hwang

et al. 2024

JAMA Ophthalmol

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“…Here, our questionnaire provides comprehensive insights into medical and nursing students’ sexual education by covering a range of topics related to education experience and preference, sexual KAP, and their tendencies toward humanistic medical care and LGBTQ people (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer). 22 After presenting the descriptive statistical results of all the sex-related issues, we utilize correlation analysis to investigate potential factors influencing the future medical practice behaviors of medical and nursing students, which we are concerned about.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice of sexual health among students in a Chinese medical college: a cross-sectional study

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2023

Sexual Medicine

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Background Sexual health is an essential part of overall well-being, and medical students’ sexual education, level of sexual knowledge, and attitudes toward sexual health will affect their sexual behavior. Aim To explore the correlation among medical decision tendency, sex education level, and sexual health KAP (knowledge, attitudes, and practices). Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey in March 2019. Data were collected via online surveys with a self-developed questionnaire covering sexual KAP and sexual education. We used Spearman correlation to assess the effect of sexual education on KAP after scoring the related questions. Outcomes Outcomes included descriptive analysis and correlation of medical and nursing students’ KAP and education regarding sexual health. Results Medical and nursing students hold a high level of sexual knowledge (74.8%) and a positive attitude toward premarital sex (87.5%) and homosexuality (94.5%). By conducting the correlation analysis, we observed that medical and nursing students’ tendency to support friends’ homosexuality was positively correlated with the view that medical intervention for transgender or gay/lesbian people is unnecessary (P < .01). A positive correlation was also found between medical and nursing students who want more diverse sexual education and who would tend to provide patients with more humanistic care regarding their sexual needs (P < .01). Clinical Translation Medical and nursing students who want more diverse sexual education and who had higher scores in the sexual knowledge test tend to provide their patients with more humanistic care regarding sexual needs. Strengths and Limitations The research shows the current situation of medical and nursing students’ sexual education experience and preference and sexual knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. Heat maps were used to more intuitively describe the correlation between medical students’ characteristics and their sexual knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors and sex education. The results may not be generalizable across China, as the participants were from 1 medical school. Conclusion It is essential to provide sexual education for medical and nursing students to ensure a more humanistic approach to patient care regarding sexual needs; therefore, we recommend that medical schools invest in sexual education for medical and nursing students throughout their education.

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“…A truly robust intersectional analysis would incorporate data on other marginalized identities known to affect medical career progression, like race, disability, sexual orientation, and socioeconomic status. 3 …”

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confidence: 99%

Mapping the roots of specialist disparities

Sharma

2024

The Lancet Regional Health - Europe

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Expanding Underrepresented in Medicine to Include Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Individuals

Cited by 14 publications

References 19 publications

Bias Reduction Practices in Underrepresented Groups in Ophthalmology Resident Recruitment

Bias Reduction Practices in Underrepresented Groups in Ophthalmology Resident Recruitment

Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice of sexual health among students in a Chinese medical college: a cross-sectional study

Mapping the roots of specialist disparities

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