Expansion of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mtext>CD</mml:mtext><mml:mn mathvariant="bold">8</mml:mn><mml:mtext>+</mml:mtext><mml:mtext>CD</mml:mtext><mml:mn mathvariant="bold">57</mml:mn><mml:mtext>+</mml:mtext></mml:math>T Cells in an Immunocompetent Patient with Acute Toxoplasmosis

García‐Muñoz, Ricardo; Rodríguez‐Otero, Paula; Galar, Alicia; Merino, Juana; Beunza, Juan J.

doi:10.1155/2009/173439

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…However, certain subpopulations of the tissue-infiltrating memory/effector T cells express homing receptors, which target their infiltration of injured tissues through activated endothelial cells even in the absence of a specific target antigen (22). These T cell subsets have the ability, without the need of antigenpresenting cells, to directly recognize products of stressed cells through their receptors and are up-regulated in chronic immune activation states (23)(24)(25)(26). In particular, the frequency of terminally differentiated CD8 + effector memory T (T EMRA ) cells (CD3 + CD8 + CD11a ++ CD28 − CD57 + T cells) is driven by chronic antigen exposure and correlates with aging of the immune system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terminally Differentiated CD8 ⁺ T Cells Negatively Affect Bone Regeneration in Humans

et al. 2013

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There is growing evidence that adaptive immunity contributes to endogenous regeneration processes: For example, endogenous bone fracture repair is modulated by T cells even in the absence of infection. Because delayed or incomplete fracture healing is associated with poor long-term outcomes and high socioeconomic costs, we investigated the relationship between an individual's immune reactivity and healing outcome. Our study revealed that delayed fracture healing significantly correlated with enhanced levels of terminally differentiated CD8(+) effector memory T (TEMRA) cells (CD3(+)CD8(+)CD11a(++)CD28(-)CD57(+) T cells) in peripheral blood. This difference was long lasting, reflecting rather the individual's immune profile in response to lifelong antigen exposure than a post-fracture reaction. Moreover, CD8(+) TEMRA cells were enriched in fracture hematoma; these cells were the major producers of interferon-γ/tumor necrosis factor-α, which inhibit osteogenic differentiation and survival of human mesenchymal stromal cells. Accordingly, depletion of CD8(+) T cells in a mouse osteotomy model resulted in enhanced endogenous fracture regeneration, whereas a transfer of CD8(+) T cells impaired the healing process. Our data demonstrate the high impact of the individual adaptive immune profile on endogenous bone regeneration. Quantification of CD8(+) TEMRA cells represents a potential marker for the prognosis of the healing outcome and opens new opportunities for early and targeted intervention strategies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terminally Differentiated CD8 ⁺ T Cells Negatively Affect Bone Regeneration in Humans

et al. 2013

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“…It was also reported that CD8 + CD57 + Tcells were expanded in an immunocompetent patient with acute toxoplasmosis 30 . As these T cells produce large amounts of IFN‐γ and IL‐5 (which are crucial in the immune response against Toxoplasma gondii ), it is possible that cytotoxic CD8 + CD57 + cells can prevent the reactivation of T. gondii in a similar manner because they control HCMV reactivation throughout a lifetime 30 …”

Section: Cd8+ Cd28− (Cd8+ Cd57+) T Cells In Health and Diseasementioning

confidence: 96%

“…Various authors describe CD8 + CD28 − T cells as either immunosuppressive 56–61 or cytotoxic, 2,62–65 whereas CD8 + CD57 + T cells in the majority of cases are described as highly cytotoxic 10,30–32,66,67 . It was also shown that CD57 expression strongly correlates with simultaneous expression of granzymes and perforin in CD8 + T cells 68 .…”

Section: Cd8+ Cd28− (Cd8+ Cd57+) T‐cell Subsetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this review the term ‘highly antigen experienced CD8 + T cells’ is used to describe both CD8 + CD57 + and CD8 + CD28 − T lymphocytes. One should remember that in various papers these T cells are defined as either CD8 + CD28 − 2,3,15,25–28 or CD8 +/high CD57 + 7,14,29–34 or sometimes as CD8 + CD28 − CD57 + , 10,22,24,35 but actually all of the cases deal with the oligoclonally expanded CD8 + T cells, generated in response to chronic antigenic stimulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CD8+ CD28− and CD8+ CD57+ T cells and their role in health and disease

2011

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Summary Chronic antigenic stimulation leads to gradual accumulation of late‐differentiated, antigen‐specific, oligoclonal T cells, particularly within the CD8+ T‐cell compartment. They are characterized by critically shortened telomeres, loss of CD28 and/or gain of CD57 expression and are defined as either CD8+CD28− or CD8+CD57+ T lymphocytes. There is growing evidence that the CD8+CD28− (CD8+CD57+) T‐cell population plays a significant role in various diseases or conditions, associated with chronic immune activation such as cancer, chronic intracellular infections, chronic alcoholism, some chronic pulmonary diseases, autoimmune diseases, allogeneic transplantation, as well as has a great influence on age‐related changes in the immune system status. CD8+CD28− (CD8+CD57+) T‐cell population is heterogeneous and composed of various functionally competing (cytotoxic and immunosuppressive) subsets thus the overall effect of CD8+CD28− (CD8+CD57+) T‐cell‐mediated immunity depends on the predominance of a particular subset. Many articles claim that CD8+CD28− (CD8+CD57+) T cells have lost their proliferative capacity during process of replicative senescence triggered by repeated antigenic stimulation. However recent data indicate that CD8+CD28− (CD8+CD57+) T cells can transiently up‐regulate telomerase activity and proliferate under certain stimulation conditions. Similarly, conflicting data is provided regarding CD8+CD28− (CD8+CD57+) T‐cell sensitivity to apoptosis, finally leading to the conclusion that this T‐cell population is also heterogeneous in terms of its apoptotic potential. This review provides a comprehensive approach to the CD8+CD28− (CD8+CD57+) T‐cell population: we describe in detail its origins, molecular and functional characteristics, subsets, role in various diseases or conditions, associated with persistent antigenic stimulation.

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“…Chronic viral infections such as HCMV ( 104 ), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ( 105 ), hepatitis C virus ( 106 ), and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) ( 107 ) infections offer some of the clearest examples of expansion of CD57 + CD8 + T cells, presumably as a result of persistent antigenic stimulation, and increased proportions of CD57 + CD8 + T cells have also been reported in those infected with human parvovirus ( 108 ), measles ( 109 ), pulmonary tuberculosis ( 92 ), and toxoplasmosis ( 93 ). The majority of these CD57 + CD8 + T cells, at least in HCMV infection, appear to be antigen-specific and their presence is associated with a low incidence of reactivation ( 94 , 95 ).…”

Section: Cd57 Expression During Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Significance of CD57 Expression on Human NK Cells and Relevance to Disease

et al. 2013

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Historically, human NK cells have been identified as CD3−CD56+CD16± lymphocytes. More recently it has been established that CD57 expression defines functionally discrete sub-populations of NK cells. On T cells, CD57 expression has been regarded as a marker of terminal differentiation and (perhaps wrongly) of anergy and senescence. Similarly, CD57 expression seems to identify the final stages of peripheral NK cell maturation; its expression increases with age and is associated with chronic infections, particularly human cytomegalovirus infection. However, CD57+ NK cells are highly cytotoxic and their presence seems to be beneficial in a number of non-communicable diseases. The purpose of this article is to review our current understanding of CD57 expression as a marker of NK cell function and disease prognosis, as well as to outline areas for further research.

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Expansion ofCD8+CD57+T Cells in an Immunocompetent Patient with Acute Toxoplasmosis

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

Terminally Differentiated CD8 ⁺ T Cells Negatively Affect Bone Regeneration in Humans

Terminally Differentiated CD8 ⁺ T Cells Negatively Affect Bone Regeneration in Humans

CD8+ CD28− and CD8+ CD57+ T cells and their role in health and disease

Functional Significance of CD57 Expression on Human NK Cells and Relevance to Disease

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Expansion ofCD8+CD57+T Cells in an Immunocompetent Patient with Acute Toxoplasmosis

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

Terminally Differentiated CD8 + T Cells Negatively Affect Bone Regeneration in Humans

Terminally Differentiated CD8 + T Cells Negatively Affect Bone Regeneration in Humans

CD8+ CD28− and CD8+ CD57+ T cells and their role in health and disease

Functional Significance of CD57 Expression on Human NK Cells and Relevance to Disease

Contact Info

Product

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Terminally Differentiated CD8 ⁺ T Cells Negatively Affect Bone Regeneration in Humans

Terminally Differentiated CD8 ⁺ T Cells Negatively Affect Bone Regeneration in Humans