Expectancy for social facilitation from drinking: The divergent paths of high-expectancy and low-expectancy adolescents.

Smith, Gregory T.; Goldman, Mark S.; Greenbaum, Paul E.; Christiansen, Bruce A.

doi:10.1037/0021-843x.104.1.32

Cited by 327 publications

(297 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Both expectancies for not drinking and perceptions of peer drinking were associated with initiation of drinking behavior in male and female students at Time 2, and this effect was particularly strong for expectancies for not drinking. There has been consistent support for the powerful predictive value of alcohol-use expectancies for drinking initiation, intensity, and problems related to drinking (e.g., Barnow et al, 2004;Brown et al, 2001;Meier et al, 2007;Smith et al, 1995), and the current study extends this impact to adolescents' beliefs about the consequences of not drinking. Recent research has demonstrated that expectancies for not drinking also are related to the intensity of drinking (Bekman et al, in press) and attempts to quit or reduce drinking (Metrik et al, 2004), and they partially mediate the relationship between sensation seeking and drinking intensity (Bekman et al, in press).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Affective and Personality Risk and Cognitive Mediators of Initial Adolescent Alcohol Use

Bekman

Cummins²,

Brown

2010

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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ABSTRACT. Objective: This study examined the role of cognitive factors-such as expectancies regarding the consequences of not drinking and perceptions of peer drinking-in mediating affective and personality-based risk associated with adolescents' decisions to initiate alcohol use. Method: Nondrinking high school students (N = 1,268) completed confi dential surveys on adolescent attitudes and behaviors related to substance use in 2 consecutive years. Self-reported alcohol use was assessed in both years, and social anxiety, depression, sensation seeking, expectancies for not drinking, and perceived peer alcohol use were assessed in the second year. Results: The odds of initiation were considerably lower for students with higher expectancies for not drinking, compared with those with lower expectancies. Odds of initiation rose signifi cantly with each additional perceived peer drink reported. Both cognitive factors mediated the relationships between social anxiety, depression, sensation seeking, and alcohol-use initiation. Conclusions: Beliefs regarding the consequences of not drinking and perceived peer drinking play key roles in the relationship between affective and personality styles on adolescent drinking. These cognitive differences may explain varying affective risk profi les for alcohol initiation and use during adolescence, and they can provide tools for prevention efforts. (J.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Affective and Personality Risk and Cognitive Mediators of Initial Adolescent Alcohol Use

Bekman

Cummins²,

Brown

2010

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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“…Individuals high in positive and negative urgency, facets of impulsivity, have also been found to act more in line with their implicit alcohol cognitions than individuals with lower levels of these traits (Burton et al, 2012). Research has shown that explicit expectancies and alcohol use reciprocally infl uence one another (e.g., Smith et al, 1995). However, because this association is potentially reduced for individuals with lower executive control, expectancy development may be attenuated in ADHD and result in lower mean levels of explicit alcohol expectancies.…”

Section: Alcohol Expectanciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Associations Between Alcohol Expectancies and Adolescent Alcohol Use as a Function of Childhood ADHD

Pedersen

Harty

Pelham

et al. 2014

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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ABSTRACT. Objective: Individuals with attention-defi cit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at increased risk for experiencing alcohol-related problems. However, previous research has not examined alcohol expectancies, a widely studied risk factor for alcohol use, in this population. The current study examined mean differences in alcohol expectancies for adolescents with and without a history of childhood ADHD. The differential association between alcohol expectancies and alcohol use 1 year later as a function of ADHD status was also examined. Method: Two hundred and eighty-six adolescents ages 11-17 (ADHD: n = 165; non-ADHD: n = 121) reported their alcohol expectancies and alcohol use over a 1-year period as part of the Pittsburgh ADHD Longitudinal Study. Results: Individuals with a history of ADHD had lower mean levels of alcohol expectancies compared with individuals without ADHD. Specifi cally, at Time 1, individuals with ADHD reported lower levels of sociability, cognitive and behavioral impairment, and liquid courage expectancies than individuals without ADHD. Further, the association between negative alcohol expectancies at Time 1 and alcohol use at Time 2 differed for individuals with and without a history of ADHD. Conclusions: These fi ndings highlight the possibility that individuals with a history of ADHD may rely less on explicit cognitions, such as alcohol expectancies, when making decisions to drink alcohol. This is consistent with the dual process model of alcohol cognitions that has posited that individuals with decreased executive control may rely more on implicit cognitions about alcohol. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 75, 145-152, 2014) Received: November 5, 2012. Revision: June 5, 2013. This research was supported by National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Grants AA011873, AA021135, AA007453, and AA00202. Additional support was provided by Grants DA12414, MH50467, MH12010, ESO5015, AA12342, DA016631, MH065899, KAI-118-S1, DA85553, MH077676, MH069614, MH62946, MH065899, MH53554, MH069434, IES LO3000665A, IESR324B060045, and NS39087. *Correspondence may be sent to Sarah L. Pedersen at the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, or via email at: pedersensl@upmc.edu. A DOLESCENT ALCOHOL USE is a signifi cant health concern and is related to a variety of negative outcomes in adulthood. For example, higher levels of adolescent alcohol use are related to alcohol-related problems, aggression, theft, and suicidal ideation in young adulthood (Duncan et al., 1997). National data also highlight that alcohol use increases over the course of adolescence. Approximately 27% of 8th graders, 50% of 10th graders, and 64% of high school seniors report alcohol use in the past year. Further, a signifi cant portion of adolescents also report drinking to the point of being drunk in the past year, and this increases with age (11% of 8th graders, 29% of 10th graders, and 42% of 12th graders; Johnston et al., 2012). Studying predictors of early alcohol use is...

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“…Previous observations of children and adolescents suggest there is a gradual shift from negative (aversive) to positive (rewarding) alcohol expectancies as one becomes older [11-14]. Etiologic and treatment researchers are increasingly finding that alcohol expectancy has several dimensions and plays a significant role in the progression of initiation, heavy use, abuse or dependence, and relapse among adolescent and adult populations [15-18]; generally, heavy or problematic drinkers are more likely to endorse higher positive alcohol expectancy. To illustrate, Christiansen and colleagues reported that high scores in two dimensions (i.e., "Alcohol can enhance social behaviors" and "Alcohol improves cognitive and motor functions") significantly predicted the risk of increased consumption (i.e., quantity/frequency) and problem drinking a year later among junior high school students in Detroit [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential relationships of family drinking with alcohol expectancy among urban school children

et al. 2011

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BackgroundPositive alcohol outcome expectancy has consistently been linked with problematic drinking, but there is little population-based evidence on its role on early stages of drinking in childhood. The present study seeks to understand the extent to which drinking of family members is differentially associated with the endorsement of alcohol expectancy in late childhood.MethodsA representative sample of 4th and 6th graders (N = 2455) drawn from 28 public schools in an urban region of Taiwan completed a self-administered paper-and-pencil questionnaire. Each student provided information on alcohol expectancy, drinking experiences, and individual and family attributes. Complex survey analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship, with stratification by children's alcohol drinking history.ResultsAn estimated 29% of the 4th graders and 43% of the 6th graders had initiated alcohol consumption (over 40% of them had drank on three or more occasions). Alcohol drinking-related differences appear in both the endorsement and the correlates of alcohol expectancy. Positive alcohol expectancy was strongly associated with family drinking, particularly the dimension of "enhanced social behaviors"; negative alcohol expectancy was inversely associated with drinking frequency. Among alcohol naïve children, significant connections appear between paternal drinking and three dimensions of positive alcohol expectancy (i.e., enhanced social behaviors:βwt = 0.15, promoting relaxation or tension reduction:βwt = 0.18, and global positive transformation:βwt = 0.22).ConclusionsIndividual tailored strategies that address family influences on alcohol expectancy may be needed in prevention programs targeting drinking behaviors in children.

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Expectancy for social facilitation from drinking: The divergent paths of high-expectancy and low-expectancy adolescents.

Cited by 327 publications

References 37 publications

Affective and Personality Risk and Cognitive Mediators of Initial Adolescent Alcohol Use

Affective and Personality Risk and Cognitive Mediators of Initial Adolescent Alcohol Use

Differential Associations Between Alcohol Expectancies and Adolescent Alcohol Use as a Function of Childhood ADHD

Differential relationships of family drinking with alcohol expectancy among urban school children

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