Expension in the field of Freeze-drying: An Advanced Review

Sandhya, Mishra; Disha, Kesharwani

doi:10.5958/0974-360x.2020.00441.2

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…One method that has commonly been used to prepare dried starter cultures for food applications is freeze-drying [ 22 , 23 , 24 ]. In this process, the dehydration of LAB imposes environmental stress on the bacterial cells, such as freezing, drying, long-term exposure to low-water activities and rehydration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study of Skimmed Milk and Cassava Flour on the Viability of Freeze-Dried Lactic Acid Bacteria as Starter Cultures for Yogurt Fermentation

Ibrahim

Ayariga

et al. 2023

Foods

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the survival rates and fermentation performance of three freeze-dried lactic acid bacterial cultures previously isolated from Ghanaian traditional fermented milk. LAB cultures, i.e., Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Lactococcus lactis and Leuconostoc mesenteroides, were frozen in the chamber of a Telstar (Lyoquest) laboratory freeze dryer for 10 h at −55 °C (as single and combined cultures) using skimmed milk and cassava flour as cryoprotectants held in plastic or glass cryovials. For viability during storage, freeze-dried LAB cultures were stored in a refrigerator (4 °C) and at room temperature (25 °C) for 4 weeks. The survival of freeze-dried cultures was determined by growth kinetics at 600 nm (OD600). The performance of freeze-dried LAB cultures after 4 weeks of storage was determined by their growth, acidification of milk during yogurt fermentation and consumer sensory evaluation of fermented milk using a nine-point hedonic scale. The survival rates for LAB ranged between 60.11% and 95.4% following freeze-drying. For single cultures, the highest survival was recorded for Lactobacillus delbrueckii (L12), whereas for combined cultures, the highest survival was observed for Lactococcus lactis (L3) combined with Lactobacillus delbrueckii (L12). The consumer acceptability results showed that yogurts produced from a combined starter culture of Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus delbrueckii or from a single culture of Lactococcus lactis were the most preferred products with Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus delbrueckii possessing high survival rates and high consumer acceptability in yogurt production. These findings are crucial and can be adopted for large-scale production and commercialization of yogurt.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study of Skimmed Milk and Cassava Flour on the Viability of Freeze-Dried Lactic Acid Bacteria as Starter Cultures for Yogurt Fermentation

Ibrahim

Ayariga

et al. 2023

Foods

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Development of Methods for the Determination of PhACs in Soil/Earthworm/Crop System Irrigated with Reclaimed Water

Manasfi

Labad

Montemurro

2020

The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry

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Pharmaceuticals have been becoming a major concern of environmental pollution since the beginning of the century. The ways in which these contaminants are introduced into the environment are very different, but almost always associated with wastewater. In fact, current wastewater treatment plants are not designed for the removal of pharmaceutical products. Indeed, the problem of water scarcity has played an important role in the introduction of pharmaceutical products into the environment, particularly in the agricultural sector. Because of the drought, more and more countries are resorting to the use of treated wastewater to irrigate vegetables for human consumption. Consequently, the reuse of wastewater in agriculture constitutes a continuous introduction of these molecules into the soil. The effects of this practice are not entirely clear. However, the probability that these compounds can enter the food chain directly is high. In fact, through radical absorption, plants could uptake pharmaceuticals from soil and water, leading to the accumulation of drugs in the tissues. The development of analytical methods of solid matrices such as soil or plant tissues requires substantial work due to the great complexity of the matrices and the differences between the physico-chemical properties of analytes of interest. Several multi-class methods have recently been developed to determine a large number of pharmaceutical products in soil or plants using different extraction techniques. This chapter addresses to list all the analytical procedures published so far used for the extraction and analysis of pharmaceutical products from plant tissues and from the soil irrigated with treated wastewater.

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