Experience-dependent asymmetric variation in primate prefrontal morphology

Lyons, David M.; Afarian, Hagop; Schatzberg, Alan F.; Sawyer-Glover, Anne M.; Moseley, Michael E.

doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(02)00100-6

Cited by 67 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Thus, the smaller V W /O W ratio in sections anterior to the callosum (and therefore defined as prefrontal) suggests that these sections contain fibers of smaller caliber, in line with the previous finding that callosal fibers are thinnest at the genu (9,16,17). This consonance supports the conclusion that cortex anterior to the callosum indeed defines comparable prefrontal cortical regions across primate species, including humans (4,(18)(19)(20)(21), even if these zones do not correspond to the entire associative areas in the frontal lobe.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

No relative expansion of the number of prefrontal neurons in primate and human evolution

Gabi

Neves²,

Masseron³

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Human evolution is widely thought to have involved a particular expansion of prefrontal cortex. This popular notion has recently been challenged, although controversies remain. Here we show that the prefrontal region of both human and nonhuman primates holds about 8% of cortical neurons, with no clear difference across humans and other primates in the distribution of cortical neurons or white matter cells along the anteroposterior axis. Further, we find that the volumes of human prefrontal gray and white matter match the expected volumes for the number of neurons in the gray matter and for the number of other cells in the white matter compared with other primate species. These results indicate that prefrontal cortical expansion in human evolution happened along the same allometric trajectory as for other primate species, without modification of the distribution of neurons across its surface or of the volume of the underlying white matter. We thus propose that the most distinctive feature of the human prefrontal cortex is its absolute number of neurons, not its relative volume.cortical expansion | evolution | number of neurons | primate | prefrontal cortex

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

No relative expansion of the number of prefrontal neurons in primate and human evolution

Gabi

Neves²,

Masseron³

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Interestingly, postnatal handling, which increases maternal licking and grooming (Lee and Williams, 1975;Liu et al, 1997), results in significantly reduced synaptic density in the IL cortex compared with nonhandled controls (Ovtscharoff and Braun, 2001), which may in part account for the reduced anxiety and high exploration typically displayed by neonatally handled animals. A recent magnetic resonance imaging study has confirmed in monkey the impact of early rearing conditions on mPFC function, showing that maternal separation results in a significant enlargement of the ventromedial mPFC, which is entirely lateralized to the right hemisphere (Lyons et al, 2002). These findings underscore the potential importance of maternal care and early social influences for the development of the mPFC DA function and the regulation of cognitive-emotional states in response to stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Influence of Naturally Occurring Variations in Maternal Care on Prepulse Inhibition of Acoustic Startle and the Medial Prefrontal Cortical Dopamine Response to Stress in Adult Rats

Zhang¹,

Chretien²,

Meaney³

et al. 2005

J. Neurosci.

140

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In rats, naturally occurring variations in maternal care contribute to the development of individual differences in the behavioral and neuroendocrine responses to stress during adulthood. The dopamine (DA) projection to the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) plays an important role in mediating stress responsivity and is thought to be involved also in regulating sensorimotor gating. In the present study, we compared prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle as well as the left and right mPFC DA stress responses in the adult offspring of high-and low-licking/grooming (LG) dams. Our data indicate that the offspring of low-LG animals are impaired on measures of PPI compared with high-LG animals. We also observed in low-LG animals a significant blunting of the mPFC DA stress responses that was lateralized to the right hemisphere, whereas in high-LG animals, the left and right mPFC DA stress responses were equally attenuated. Although mPFC levels of DA transporter did not differ between the two groups of animals, mPFC levels of catechol-O-methyl transferase immunoreactivity of low-LG animals were significantly lower than those of high-LG animals. These data provide evidence that variations in maternal care can lead to lasting changes in mPFC DA responsivity to stress and suggest the possibility that such changes in mesocorticolimbic DA function can also lead to deficits in sensorimotor gating.

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“…1 a) and right cerebral hemispheres on 26-34 contiguous coronal images per monkey from the genu of the corpus callosum to the frontal pole. The specific rules used to identify these predefined regions are described in our earlier research [20] . Inter-rater reliabilities expressed as intra-class correlations from fixed effects models were greater than 0.90.…”

Section: Brain Image Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Later in life, monkeys exposed to intermittent separations show fewer behavioral indications of anxiety, increased exploration of novel situations, and diminished stress levels of cortisol compared to agematched monkeys not exposed to prior separations [13][14][15][16][17] . These behavioral and hormonal outcomes reflect a nonspecific form of stress inoculation [15] as exposure to one type of early life stress enhances subsequent arousal regulation and resilience in coping with different stressors encountered later in life.Prior exposure to separation stress also enhances prefrontal-dependent cognitive control of impulsive behavior [18] and appears to increase ventromedial but not dorsolateral prefrontal volumes determined in vivo by noninvasive neuroimaging of the squirrel monkey brain [19,20] . These findings are of interest because large ventromedial prefrontal size in humans predicts diminished …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prefrontal Plasticity and Stress Inoculation-Induced Resilience

Katz¹,

Liu

Schaer³

et al. 2009

Dev Neurosci

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Coping with mild early life stress tends to make subsequent coping efforts more effective and therefore more likely to be used as a means of arousal regulation and resilience. Here we show that this developmental learning-like process of stress inoculation increases ventromedial prefrontal cortical volumes in peripubertal monkeys. Larger volumes do not reflect increased cortical thickness but instead represent surface area expansion of ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Expansion of ventromedial prefrontal cortex coincides with increased white matter myelination inferred from diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging. These findings suggest that the process of coping with early life stress increases prefrontal myelination and expands a region of cortex that broadly controls arousal regulation and resilience.

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Experience-dependent asymmetric variation in primate prefrontal morphology

Cited by 67 publications

References 73 publications

No relative expansion of the number of prefrontal neurons in primate and human evolution

No relative expansion of the number of prefrontal neurons in primate and human evolution

Influence of Naturally Occurring Variations in Maternal Care on Prepulse Inhibition of Acoustic Startle and the Medial Prefrontal Cortical Dopamine Response to Stress in Adult Rats

Prefrontal Plasticity and Stress Inoculation-Induced Resilience

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