Experience with evaluating biodegradability of lubricating base oils

Thermal and mechanical characterization of cellulosic derivatives-based oleogels potentially applicable as bio-lubricating greases: Influence of ethyl cellulose molecular weight

“…In this sense, mostly in the last two decades, lubricant customers are aware of the negative effects that traditional lubricants exert on the environment and, therefore, are demanding new green products able to reduce this impact. In addition to this, the increase in the use of eco-friendly materials has been promoted as a result of strict government regulations that some countries are adding in their legislation (Adhvaryu & Erhan, 2002;Beran, 2008). In fact, the use of biodegradable lubricants is not an innovative idea (i.e., 4000 B.C.…”

“…Obviously, the generalized use of these formulations for different applications incorporates part of these products into the environment, thus increasing pollution and destroying natural resources (Beran, 2008;Wilson, 1998). The first step made to produce a friendlier lubricating grease formulation was the replacement of the mineral oil, the main component (70-95%, w/w), by a vegetable one (Stempfel, 1998).…”

The Relationship Between the Chemical Structure of Poly(alkylene glycol)s and Their Aerobic Biodegradability in an Aqueous Environment

“…As this test was designed for soluble substances, the test for poorly water-soluble substances (such as the PAG TG600E and PAG R330 that were tested) required the application of our own, appropriately modified method for the preparation of the test vessels [27]. The primary objective of the modification was to reduce the errors resulting from the insufficient size of the samples, which failed to represent the mean concentrations of the test PAGs in aqueous dispersion.…”

Ecotoxicity and Biodegradability Assessment of Metalworking Fluids by Activated Sludge Bacteria

“…Guidelines for the testing of chemicals and in the ISO standardized methods. The biodegradation process can be analyzed under aerobic or anaerobic conditions, in fresh water or seawater, or in soil (9).…”

“…When the substance fails to meet the ready biodegradable criterion, it can be made subject to inherent biodegradability tests, which are used to assess whether a substance has any potential for biodegradation. Biodegradation rates above 20% (measured as ThCO 2 , ThOD, DOC or COD) may be regarded as evidence of inherent, primary biodegradability, whereas biodegradation rates above 60% ThCO 2 , ThOD or 70% DOC or COD may be regarded as evidence of inherent, ultimate biodegradability (9).…”