Experiences of nurses caring for patients with COVID‐19 in Turkey: A phenomenological enquiry

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which was discovered as a result of unexplained cases of pneumonia in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020 (WHO, 2020).Because the causes of COVID-19, the routes of transmission and the course of the disease are unknown, there has been uncertainty in all areas of life in addition to the disease posing as a serious threat to public health. Considering this, health care professionals, who are a major force in combating the pandemic and work amid high-risk conditions, undertake an imperative task. Therefore, health care workers are perhaps one of the groups most affected by the pandemic (Sun et al., 2020;Yang & Jung, 2020). Nurses, who constitute the largest component of the health care workforce, play an essential role in ensuring the continuity of health care systems globally and improving health care practices (Nayna Schwerdtle et al., 2020).Over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses have continued playing their part in the health care sector, including prevention and control of infections, public health, palliative care and critical care. Particularly, they work on the frontlines as caregivers during

Psychosocial experiences of frontline nurses working in hospital-based settings during the COVID-19 pandemic - A qualitative systematic review

“…Twenty-eight study characteristics were included in Table 4 . The studies were conducted in China ( Fan et al, 2020 , Gao et al, 2020 , Hou et al, 2020 , Jia et al, 2021 , Liu et al, 2020 , Liu et al, 2020 , Sheng et al, 2020 , Sun et al, 2020 , Tan et al, 2020 , Zhang et al, 2020 ), Iran ( Eftekhar et al, 2020 , Galehdar et al, 2020 , Kalateh et al, 2020 , Galehdar et al, 2020 ), Turkey ( Kackin et al, 2020 , Deliktas et al, 2021 , Muz and Erdoğan, 2021 , Coşkun and Günay, 2021 ), UK ( Bennett et al, 2020 , Vindrola-Padros et al, 2020 ), USA ( Arnetz et al, 2020 ), Brazil ( Góes et al, 2020 ), Pakistan ( Sethi et al, 2020 ), Spain ( Fernández-Castillo et al, 2021 ), Japan ( Ohta et al, 2020 ), South Korea ( Lee and Lee, 2020 ), Singapore ( Goh et al, 2020 ), and Nigeria ( Okediran et al, 2020 ). The setting for 25 of the included studies were hospitals, two were in COVID-19 designated wards, and one study was in a COVID-19 isolation center.…”

“…Two studies used a cross-sectional design and one study used a rapid appraisal method, all of which used a qualitative approach to collect, analyse, and report data with appropriate rigor. Theoretical methodologies adopted by the studies were phenomenology ( Gao et al, 2020 , Hou et al, 2020 , Kackin et al, 2020 , Liu et al, 2020 , Sheng et al, 2020 , Sun et al, 2020 , Tan et al, 2020 , Muz and Erdoğan, 2021 , Lee and Lee, 2020 ), and grounded theory ( Deliktas et al, 2021 ). Data collection methods included interviews ( Eftekhar et al, 2020 , Fan et al, 2020 , Galehdar et al, 2020 , Gao et al, 2020 , Hou et al, 2020 , Jia et al, 2021 , Kackin et al, 2020 , Kalateh et al, 2020 , Liu et al, 2020 , Liu et al, 2020 , Sheng et al, 2020 , Sun et al, 2020 , Tan et al, 2020 , Zhang et al, 2020 , Deliktas et al, 2021 , Muz and Erdoğan, 2021 , Galehdar et al, 2020 , Fernández-Castillo et al, 2021 , Ohta et al, 2020 , Lee and Lee, 2020 , Goh et al, 2020 , Vindrola-Padros et al, 2020 , Okediran et al, 2020 ), surveys or questionnaires ( Arnetz et al, 2020 , Góes et al, 2020 , Coşkun and Günay, 2021 , Sethi et al, 2020 ), and digital audio recording ( Bennett et al, 2020 ).…”

“…The additional studies from the citation pearl search were included through the joint decisions of all the authors. Finally, 28 studies that met the inclusion criteria were assessed for quality and included for synthesis ( Arnetz et al, 2020 , Eftekhar et al, 2020 , Fan et al, 2020 , Galehdar et al, 2020 , Gao et al, 2020 , Góes et al, 2020 , Hou et al, 2020 , Jia et al, 2021 , Kackin et al, 2020 , Kalateh et al, 2020 , Liu et al, 2020 , Liu et al, 2020 , Sheng et al, 2020 , Sun et al, 2020 , Tan et al, 2020 , Zhang et al, 2020 , Deliktas et al, 2021 , Muz and Erdoğan, 2021 , Coşkun and Günay, 2021 , Galehdar et al, 2020 , Sethi et al, 2020 , Fernández-Castillo et al, 2021 , Ohta et al, 2020 , Lee and Lee, 2020 , Goh et al, 2020 , Bennett et al, 2020 , Vindrola-Padros et al, 2020 , Okediran et al, 2020 ). The study selection process is presented in a PRISMA flow diagram ( Figure 1 ).…”

“…How valuable is the research? Deliktas et al ( Deliktas et al, 2021 ) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 10/10 Muz et al ( Muz and Erdoğan, 2021 ) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes 9/10 Coşkun et al ( Coşkun and Günay, 2021 ) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes 9/10 Galehdar et al ( Galehdar et al, 2020 ) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes 9/10 Sethi et al ( Sethi et al, 2020 ) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Cannot tell Yes Yes 9/10 Fernández-Castillo et al ( Fernández-Castillo et al, 2021 ) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes 9/10 Ohta et al ( Ohta et al, 2020 ) Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes …”

“… • Affected nurses’ views on lives, psychological symptoms and social isolation. Muz et al ( Muz and Erdoğan, 2021 ) 2021 Turkey Hospitals To reveal the physical, psychological, social and professional experiences of nurses caring for patients with COVID-19 at pandemic wards and intensive care units in Turkey. • Qualitative study • Heidegger's phenomen-ological hermeneutic scientific approach • Purposive sampling method • Nurses: N = 19 • 17 females, 2 males • Age range: 23-40 • Mean age: NR • Work experience range: 1-18 years • Mean work experience: NR Semi-structured interview Colaizzi's seven-step data analysis method • The fear of contamination and contagion.…”