Experiences of patients with primary HIV diagnosis in Kermanshah-Iran regarding the nature of HIV/AIDS: A qualitative study

Barkish, Fatemeh Gh; Jalali, Rostam; Jalali, Amir

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02278

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Nurse clinicians should be sensitive to the unique set of emotional challenges that women diagnosed with HIV during pregnancy experience [ 26 ]. Of note is that the reactions observed are despite therapeutic advances in the ART that have redefined HIV as a chronic disease and echoed findings in other studies [ 23 , 40 , 41 ]. The women viewed HIV as a fatal illness despite all of them being asymptomatic at the time of receiving positive test results and had access to ART through PMTCT services.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…The diagnosis of HIV was a traumatic and life-altering event, and they thought that death was imminent shortly after diagnosis. Barkish et al [ 41 ] argue that the progress made in the field of ART has not been successful in changing people’s perceptions about an HIV positive diagnosis. The perception and conceptualisation of HIV diagnosis as death, persist in many societies [ 17 , 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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When Pregnancy Coincides with Positive Diagnosis of HIV: Accounts of the Process of Acceptance of Self and Motherhood among Women in South Africa

Madiba

2021

IJERPH

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Literature has highlighted the unique period of vulnerability following an HIV diagnosis during pregnancy. Despite the high burden of HIV among pregnant women in South Africa, the experiences of women diagnosed with HIV during pregnancy have rarely been explored in isolation from those diagnosed at different times. This paper explored the experiences of women who were diagnosed with HIV when pregnant and assessed their emotional recovery beyond diagnosis. The study used a qualitative descriptive phenomenological approach to conduct interviews with women recruited from ART clinics in a health district in South Africa. Participants included 19 women sampled purposively. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed following the thematic approach. Testing positive during pregnancy and being free of symptoms increased the shock, disbelief, and strong emotions exhibited. For the women, the diagnosis of HIV coincided with pregnancy and transformed pregnancy from excitement to anxiety. Although the transition from being HIV negative to becoming HIV positive and pregnant was overwhelming, with the passage of time, the women transitioned to feelings of acceptance. However, the process of acceptance was slow and varied, with some experiencing non-acceptance for extended periods. Non-acceptance of HIV diagnosis has serious adverse public health consequences for the individual. Integrating continuous HIV counselling and culturally appropriate psychosocial care into practice could foster acceptance for pregnant women with HIV diagnosis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

When Pregnancy Coincides with Positive Diagnosis of HIV: Accounts of the Process of Acceptance of Self and Motherhood among Women in South Africa

Madiba

2021

IJERPH

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“…In his study, with a sample of 13 HIV-positive patients diagnosed at most six months before being interviewed, Fatemeh G.H. (2019) [ 32 ] and colleagues found that stigmatizing attitudes and discriminatory behaviors of other people, such as relatives and people in society, had a negative impact on the participants’ mental status, as well as on their perceptions and understanding about the medical diagnosis. Thus, the focus of care for people with HIV/AIDS should shift from therapeutic issues to socio-cultural ones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stigma and Discrimination (SAD) at the Time of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic

Baldassarre

Giorgi

Alessio

et al. 2020

IJERPH

132

123

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Infectious disease control is a crucial public health issue. Although it is important to urgently perform public health measures in order to reduce the risk of spread, it could end up stigmatizing entire groups of people rather than offering control measures based on sound scientific principles. This “us” versus “them” dynamic is common in stigmatization, in general, and indicates a way in which disease stigma can be viewed as a proxy for other types of fears, especially xenophobia and general fear of outsiders. The pandemic risk associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection led us to consider, among other related issues, how stigma and discrimination remain serious barriers to care for people suspected of being infected, even more if they are assisting professions, such as health workers, employed in emergency response. The purpose of this review is to evaluate and promote the importance of psychological aspects of the stigma and social discrimination (SAD) in pandemic realities and, more specifically, nowadays, in the context of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19. Just as it happened with HIV, HCV, tuberculosis, and Zika, stigma and discrimination undermine the social fabric compromising the ethics and principles of civilization to which each individual in entitled. Recognizing disease stigma history can give us insight into how, exactly, stigmatizing attitudes are formed, and how they are disbanded. Instead of simply blaming the ignorance of people espousing stigmatizing attitudes about certain diseases, we should try to understand precisely how these attitudes are formed so that we can intervene in their dissemination. We should also look at history to see what sorts of interventions against stigma may have worked in the past. Ongoing research into stigma should evaluate what has worked in the past, as above-mentioned, providing us with some clues as to what might work in the current pandemic emergency, to reduce devastating discrimination that keeps people from getting the care they need. We propose a systematic and historical review, in order to create a scientific and solid base for the following SAD analysis. The aim is to propose a coping strategy to face stigma and discrimination (SAD) related to SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, borrowing coping strategy tools and solutions from other common contagious diseases. Furthermore, our study observes how knowledge, education level, and socioeconomic status (SES) can influence perception of SARS-CoV-2/ COVID-19 risk in a digital world, based on previous research, best practices, and evidence-based research.

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“…The findings of this study regarding the theme of stigma indicated three concepts of fear of being exposed, false judgment, and discrimination. The stigma of HIV infection is undoubtedly the most prominent problem in these patients, as it is related to the reactions of the different strata of society, in which the individual lives, and most importantly it is closely linked to emotional and psychological disorders (16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While some studies are conducted on a social support network, stigma, quality of life, and familial problems among PLHIV in Iran (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19), more investigations are needed on different aspects of their living experience.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiences of People Living with HIV (PLHIV) in Jahrom, Southern Iran: A Phenomenological Study

Jahromy

Hemayatkhah

Dehnavi

et al. 2021

Int J High Risk Behav Addict

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Background: HIV/AIDS has remained a public health issue, especially in developing countries. The contributing factors to HIV/AIDS include poor access to medical care, fear, shame because of stigmatization, and lack of social support resulting in the isolation of people who share their status. Objectives: Taking a phenomenological descriptive approach, this qualitative study investigated the experiences of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Jahrom, Southern Iran. Materials and Methods: The data were collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews (face to face) with 21 (10 males and 11 females) participants who were referred to the Jahrom Counseling Center for Behavioral Diseases. They were selected by the purposive sampling technique according to theoretical saturation. Results: Analysis of the interview data and notes resulted in the four key themes: (I) emotional and psychological disturbances with three sub-themes: fear, depression, and feeling victimized; (II) stigma with three subthemes, including fear of being exposed, false judgment, and discrimination; (III) supportive environment with two sub-themes of family and social support; (IV) patients’ perspective of the future with three sub-themes, including hopelessness for the future, the future importance of children and hope for the future, and find a cure. Conclusions: Developing educational programs for the public can greatly increase public awareness of HIV, change attitudes and beliefs about HIV, and modify the behavior of others in dealing with PLHIV. This change of attitude creates social support and facilitates the acceptance of the infection for PLHIV.

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Experiences of patients with primary HIV diagnosis in Kermanshah-Iran regarding the nature of HIV/AIDS: A qualitative study

Cited by 10 publications

References 47 publications

When Pregnancy Coincides with Positive Diagnosis of HIV: Accounts of the Process of Acceptance of Self and Motherhood among Women in South Africa

When Pregnancy Coincides with Positive Diagnosis of HIV: Accounts of the Process of Acceptance of Self and Motherhood among Women in South Africa

Stigma and Discrimination (SAD) at the Time of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic

Experiences of People Living with HIV (PLHIV) in Jahrom, Southern Iran: A Phenomenological Study

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