The general aim of this work is to understand how the literacy process is developed in a Montessori school in the private sector in the greater Florianópolis area and in a public school in the Palhoça municipal network. In order to achieve the general objective, the specific objectives were aligned, which are: 1- to present the foundations of national literacy, 2- to investigate through curricular documents, how the literacy process works in schools in the municipal network of Palhoça compared to the literacy proposal of a Montessori school in the private education network. The research has a qualitative approach, through a documentary analysis of the Pedagogical Political Projects of a municipal school in Palhoça and also of a private school in Greater Florianópolis, which uses Montessori Pedagogy in its curriculum. The research was based on Montessori (1965), Soares (2009), Vygotsky (2001), as well as national documents such as the National Common Curriculum Base - BNCC (2017) and the Palhoça Municipal Curriculum Base (2019). Data analysis showed that both institutions describe literacy processes based on the BNCC in their official documents. The result of this research is based on the analysis of two dimensions, divided into: General pedagogical conceptions and Literacy conceptions. The data analyzed shows that the two institutions are far apart in their general pedagogical conceptions and closer in their conceptions of literacy.