Experiment-based cause analysis of secondary explosion of ammonium nitrate in fire conditions

Wang, Xu; Pei, Chenxi; Wu, Xingliang; Xu, Feiyang; Yang, Ni; Liu, Dabin; Xu, Sen

doi:10.1016/j.jlp.2022.104780

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The thermal decomposition mechanism of AN subjected to heating has been extensively studied. 16,36,37 This situation, along with the absence of sufficient prevention resources, can lead to a mass explosion of the product, as occurred in the accident analyzed in this article. A violent shock from a projectile or sufficiently powerful pressure wave can also trigger the detonation of AN.…”

Section: Physicochemical Properties and Potential Hazards Of Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The temperature of AN increases upon exposure to a large fire. The thermal decomposition mechanism of AN subjected to heating has been extensively studied 16,36,37 . This situation, along with the absence of sufficient prevention resources, can lead to a mass explosion of the product, as occurred in the accident analyzed in this article.…”

Section: An Detonation Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, there is the endothermic‐exothermic balance of the thermal decomposition that can be disturbed. Other studies to consider would be the Slow cook‐off test, the UN gap test, and The fragment impact test (MIL‐STD‐2105B standard) 37 …”

Section: Case Study: the Accident Of Barracas Castellón (Spain)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other studies to consider would be the Slow cook-off test, the UN gap test, and The fragment impact test (MIL-STD-2105B standard). 37 The accident happened when the lorry was overtaking another vehicle and entered the left lane of the highway. An oncoming lorry tried to avoid the collision but still collided with the lorry hauling the AN.…”

Section: Case Study: the Accident Of Barracas Castellón (Spain)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lessons learned from the Barracas accident: Ammonium nitrate explosion during road transport

Baraza

Giménez

Pey³

et al. 2022

Process Safety Progress

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On March 9, 2004, a lorry transporting ammonium nitrate (AN) overturned. The load caught fire and exploded due to the self-sustaining decomposition reactions of the AN. The consequences were two deaths, five injuries, and significant material damage in the form of destruction to vehicles and the highway. This article delves into the causes of the accident through root cause analysis techniques, such as fishbone, AcciMap and events and causal factors charting, which have demonstrated that the causes were not only physicochemical but also of an organizational nature. The explosion caused a crater 18 m in diameter, which would be equivalent to one caused by 11.4 tonnes of TNT. Through the relevant models, we have established the overpressure-distance map, explaining the breakage of lorry windscreens located 100 m from the accident site, and the vibration of glass planes at a distance of some 4 km. This accident underscored the need to comply with the safety measures handed down by competent bodies: (a) avoid contamination of AN, especially with fuels; (b) prevent the AN from being exposed to heat; (c) isolate for a minimum distance of 800 m in all directions around the accident site; (d) in case of fire, flood the area from a distance and stay away from the fire.

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Section: Physicochemical Properties and Potential Hazards Of Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: An Detonation Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Case Study: the Accident Of Barracas Castellón (Spain)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Case Study: the Accident Of Barracas Castellón (Spain)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Lessons learned from the Barracas accident: Ammonium nitrate explosion during road transport

Baraza

Giménez

Pey³

et al. 2022

Process Safety Progress

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“…22,23 The theoretical and experimental decomposition peak temperatures of pure AN were at around 300 1C. 24 Among the various preparation methods, sol-gel, aging, hydrothermal, and co-precipitation methods are widely used to prepare nano-sized materials. 10 A lot of work on quaternary ferrites as an additive on AP has been performed, which suggested a good effect of ferrites of later transition metal ions such as Co, Cu, Ni, and Zn on the thermal decomposition of AP.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate (AN) in the presence of the optimized nano-ternary transition metal ferrite CoNiZnFe₂O₄

Dave

Sirach

2022

Energy Adv.

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Thermal hazard assessment by TGA, DSC, and ARC experimental and simulated thermokinetic approaches for trinitrophloroglucinol

Liu

Zhou

Tang

et al. 2022

J Therm Anal Calorim

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Experiment-based cause analysis of secondary explosion of ammonium nitrate in fire conditions

Cited by 11 publications

References 29 publications

Lessons learned from the Barracas accident: Ammonium nitrate explosion during road transport

Lessons learned from the Barracas accident: Ammonium nitrate explosion during road transport

Thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate (AN) in the presence of the optimized nano-ternary transition metal ferrite CoNiZnFe₂O₄

Thermal hazard assessment by TGA, DSC, and ARC experimental and simulated thermokinetic approaches for trinitrophloroglucinol

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Experiment-based cause analysis of secondary explosion of ammonium nitrate in fire conditions

Cited by 11 publications

References 29 publications

Lessons learned from the Barracas accident: Ammonium nitrate explosion during road transport

Lessons learned from the Barracas accident: Ammonium nitrate explosion during road transport

Thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate (AN) in the presence of the optimized nano-ternary transition metal ferrite CoNiZnFe2O4

Thermal hazard assessment by TGA, DSC, and ARC experimental and simulated thermokinetic approaches for trinitrophloroglucinol

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Thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate (AN) in the presence of the optimized nano-ternary transition metal ferrite CoNiZnFe₂O₄