Experiment to verify the second law of thermodynamics using a thermoelectric device

Gupta, Vivek; Shanker, Gauri; Saraf, B.; Sharma, Naveen

doi:10.1119/1.13582

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…As breakthroughs in the field decelerated, basic research in thermoelectrics lay stagnant for 30 years after that, meanwhile some materials and commercial uses were still developed. In between this period some few works on the topic had been made [56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64].…”

Section: Historical Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamics of Thermoelectric Phenomena and Applications

Goupil

Seifert

Zabrocki

et al. 2011

Entropy

275

252

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Abstract:Fifty years ago, the optimization of thermoelectric devices was analyzed by considering the relation between optimal performances and local entropy production. Entropy is produced by the irreversible processes in thermoelectric devices. If these processes could be eliminated, entropy production would be reduced to zero, and the limiting Carnot efficiency or coefficient of performance would be obtained. In the present review, we start with some fundamental thermodynamic considerations relevant for thermoelectrics. Based on a historical overview, we reconsider the interrelation between optimal performances and local entropy production by using the compatibility approach together with the thermodynamic arguments. Using the relative current density and the thermoelectric potential, we show that minimum entropy production can be obtained when the thermoelectric potential is a specific, optimal value.

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Section: Historical Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamics of Thermoelectric Phenomena and Applications

Goupil

Seifert

Zabrocki

et al. 2011

Entropy

275

252

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“…The system we have described may also be used to give practical examples of the efficiency of two energy conversion processes: the Peltier effect converts electric power into heat transfer between two reservoirs, the Seebeck effect converts the heat flux into electric power [15,16].…”

Section: Comparing Peltier and Seebeck Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Peltier cells to study solid–liquid–vapour transitions and supercooling

Torzo¹,

Soletta

Branca

2007

Eur. J. Phys.

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We propose an apparatus for teaching experimental thermodynamics in undergraduate introductory courses, using thermoelectric modules and a real-time data acquisition system. The device may be made at low cost, still providing an easy approach to the investigation of liquid-solid and liquid-vapour phase transitions and of metastable states (supercooling). The thermoelectric module (a technological evolution of the thermocouple) is by itself an interesting subject that offers a clear example of both thermo-electric (Seebeck effect) and electro-thermal (Peltier effect) energy transformation. We report here some cooling/heating measurements for several liquids and mixtures, including water, salt/water, ethanol/water and sodium acetate, showing how to evaluate the phenomena of freezing point depression and elevation, and how to evaluate the water latent heat.

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“…Thermoelectric generators for the direct conversion of heat into electricity have been taken into account in recent decades, because they offer a number of advantages over other direct current power sources. They are silent in operation with simple structure requiring no moving parts and capable of virtually endless shelf‐life when used as emergency stand‐by power sources. Therefore, they are extremely reliable and able to be used in space‐based, automotive, on‐chip and larger scale cooling modules .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement in thermoelectric properties using a P-type and N-type thin-film device structure

Liu

Chen

et al. 2013

Polym. Compos.

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In this study, we have fabricated thermoelectric devices with p‐type and n‐type conducting polymers and research the effect of device structure with the thermoelectric properties. It was found that the p‐type and n‐type structure greatly enhances the device's electrical conductivity due to separated charge carrier channels, but the Seebeck coefficient was reduced due to the increase of charge density by doping. Photoexcitation can improve the device's thermoelectric properties and can increase the Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity with increasing doping concentration simultaneously. The increases in both properties are due to the phonon–electron coupling effect: the concentration of electrons and holes are increased under illumination, and the phonon component of the heat flux can be reduced by phonon scattering. Consequently, the thermoelectric device structure can improve the efficiency of thermoelectric conversion. The P3HT:PCBM devices demonstrate a significant enhancement in the power factor (PF = S2σ), with a maximum value of ZT = 0.5 at 147°C, in which the PF value (34.8 μV/cm K2) is bigger than Bi2Te3/Sb2Te3 superlattice devices at room temperature. POLYM. COMPOS., 34:1728–1734, 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Experiment to verify the second law of thermodynamics using a thermoelectric device

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Thermodynamics of Thermoelectric Phenomena and Applications

Thermodynamics of Thermoelectric Phenomena and Applications

Using Peltier cells to study solid–liquid–vapour transitions and supercooling

Enhancement in thermoelectric properties using a P-type and N-type thin-film device structure

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