Experimental Analysis of Detergency Phenomena and Investigation of a Next-generation Detergency System

Gotoh, Kunihito

doi:10.5650/jos.ess16163

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Recently, numerous analysis methods for determining detergency in fabric have been developed and improved for applications [ 17 , 18 , 19 ]. Most of them focus on the changes in the soiled fabric before and after laundry procedures, such as the differences in soil mass, color, physical features, and so on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective Detergency Determination for Single Polymeric Fibers Using Confocal Microscopy

Qin

et al. 2023

Polymers

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Detergency determination for single polymeric fibers is of significant importance to screening effective detergents for laundry, but remains challenging. Herein, we demonstrate a novel and effective method to quantify the detergency for single polymeric fibers using a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). It was applied to visualize the oil-removing process of single polymeric fibers and thus assess the detergency of various detergents. Four typical surfactants were selected for comparison, and a compounded detergent containing multiple components (e.g., anionic and nonionic surfactants, enzymes) was demonstrated to be the most effective and powerful soil-removing detergent because more than 50% of oil on the cotton fiber could be easily removed. Moreover, the oil removal process of three kinds of fibers (i.e., cotton, viscose, and polyester) was imaged and monitored by confocal microscopy. It was found that the percentage of the detergency of a single polyester fiber exceeded 70%, which is much higher than that of cotton and viscose fibers (~50%), which may be due to its relatively smooth surface. Compared to traditional methods, the CLSM imaging method is more feasible and effective to determine the detergency of detergents for single polymeric fibers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective Detergency Determination for Single Polymeric Fibers Using Confocal Microscopy

Qin

et al. 2023

Polymers

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“…ARTICLE adhesion nd deposition in manufacturing processes can reduce productivity and lead to quality degradation [1]. Wet methods using chemical solutions are commonly used to remove particles; however, subsequent drying and wastewater treatment are required, which leads to a high environmental load [2]. When the particles are appropriately charged, their motion, for example, levitation and transport, can be controlled by electrostatic forces, which circumvents the requirement for wet methods [3]- [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective Use of External Electric Field for Charging and Levitation of Particles Under UV Irradiation

Shoyama

Sugaya

Matsusaka

2022

IEEE Trans. on Ind. Applicat.

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Electrostatic forces can be used to control the motion of charged particles. In this study, particle charging and motion in an electric field under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation were investigated. When the particle layers deposited on an insulating substrate were irradiated with UV light in a downward electric field, photoelectrons were emitted, and positive charges moved to the bottom of the particle layers. Subsequently, by reversing the direction of the electric field, the positive charges in the bottom moved upward; thus, the particles in the top layer were positively charged and levitated by Coulomb forces. The flux of the levitated particles increased with an increase in the strength of the electric field (downward and upward). As the upward electric field strength increased, the number of agglomerated particles in the levitation increased; however, the particle charge decreased. As the thickness of the particle layers increased, the time delay for particle levitation increased; however, the flux of the levitated particles decreased. The ratio of agglomerated particles to the total levitated particles increased. These results can be explained by the mechanisms of charge transfer and particle levitation.

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“…In the field of cleaning, as well, various methods for quantifying the amount of stain using image data have been studied, some of which were based on the binarized image method. 11,12 Since the Y value in the XYZ color specification system has been used to calculate the cleaning rate in the past, a method using the RGB values of an image that was captured with a digital camera as a substitute for the XYZ values was initially studied. 13 A method of converting RGB values to XYZ values using a Macbeth color checker through multiple regression equations was also studied.…”

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confidence: 99%

Improvement of the image analysis method for quantifying low-polarity oily stains on fabric

Sugita

Oya

2021

Textile Research Journal

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The stain quantification method using image analysis is excellent because it is non-destructive and applicable for non-uniformly adhered stains. The technique is difficult to adapt to colorless stains, but can be used by coloring the stains. However, low-polarity oils have poor compatibility even with oil-soluble dyes, and it is difficult to accurately quantify them from the appearance. The purpose of this paper is to examine the quantification of low-polarity oily stains by three methods: (1) search for a dye tracer suitable for non-polar oil; (2) use an ultraviolet (UV) image by mixing a fluorescent tracer; and (3) use an UV image using a model stain that absorbs UV rays. In the experiment, the soiled samples were prepared by dropping soiling liquid on a cotton fabric and washing with a tergotometer, and the cleaning efficiency was determined from the image obtained with a digital camera. Results showed that Elixa Red 348 with lower polarity than Sudan IV and Oil Red O is superior as a dye tracer for non-polar oil. In the fluorescence tracer method, the sum of G values (Σ G) in the red, green, blue signals of the image data can be used, but the decrease in fluorescence over time is a problem in the case of pyrene. It was also found that UV-absorbing stains such as alkylbenzene can be quantified from UV images by utilizing the slight fluorescence coloration of cotton fabric generated under 254 nm UV irradiation. The future potential of image analysis methods for quantifying non-polar oily stains was suggested.

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Experimental Analysis of Detergency Phenomena and Investigation of a Next-generation Detergency System

Cited by 5 publications

References 38 publications

Effective Detergency Determination for Single Polymeric Fibers Using Confocal Microscopy

Effective Detergency Determination for Single Polymeric Fibers Using Confocal Microscopy

Effective Use of External Electric Field for Charging and Levitation of Particles Under UV Irradiation

Improvement of the image analysis method for quantifying low-polarity oily stains on fabric

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