For
the oil and gas industry to function smoothly, it is essential
to have a continuous flow of oil and gas in pipelines without interruptions
caused by hydrate blockages. Kinetic hydrate inhibitors (KHIs) are
becoming popular as they offer safe and effective hydrate inhibition
at low dosages (0.5–2 wt % of the water content). The current
commercial KHIs are synthetic and poorly biodegradable, which causes
disposal concerns for environmental regulators. The lack of natural,
sustainable, and biodegradable KHIs opens the scope to develop natural
and biodegradable KHI alternatives. This study investigates the use
of a natural and biodegradable polysaccharide, lambda carrageenan
(λ-crgn), as a standalone KHI and its combinations with biodegradable
solvents mono ethylene glycol and 4-methyl-1-pentanol and commercial
KHI polymers (PVP and PVCap) for improved biodegradability and performance.
λ-crgn is an environmentally friendly polysaccharide derived
and cultivated from red seaweeds. Two variants of λ-crgn, one
with a smaller mean size and a lower viscosity (LV) and one with a
larger mean size and a higher viscosity (HV), are tested for hydrate
inhibition. The lower molecular size/viscosity variant, λ-crgn
(LV), showed similar induction times and lower hydrate growth rates
compared to PVP when used as a standalone KHI. However, the high-viscosity
variant did not perform as well as PVP. λ-crgn (HV or LV), when
blended with commercial KHIs (PVP and PVCap), synergized and led to
an increase in induction times by up to 63% and a decrease in the
hydrate growth rates by 73% compared to when only the commercial
KHIs were used at the exact total dosages. When λ-crgn (HV or
LV) was blended with solvents 4-methyl-1-pentanol or MEG, again a
significant synergy was observed, leading to the hydrate inhibition
performance that was found to be at par or better than the commercial
KHIs (PVP and PVCap) at the exact total dosages.