Experimental and numerical analysis of residual load-carrying capacity of cross-laminated timber walls after fire

Bai, Yu; Zeng, Jin; Shen, Hao

doi:10.1016/j.istruc.2020.12.086

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…CLT panels are made of timber, and therefore this material is flammable [15,16]. Based on the fire tests, CLT panels are classified as class D according to their reaction to fire.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stiffness and Deformation Analysis of Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) Panels Made of Nordic Spruce Based on Experimental Testing, Analytical Calculation and Numerical Modeling

2023

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Timber structures are currently more important for solving tasks in construction practice. For this reason, there is an opportunity for research in the area of physical tests and numerical models. This paper deals with the determination and comparison of the deformation properties of cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels based on laboratory tests, analytical calculation and numerical modeling. CLT panels are structural building components consisting of cross-oriented solid timber layers. Three types of panels with different geometry and number of layers (three, five and seven) were experimentally tested using a four-point bending test, where load–deformation curves were recorded. The results of the experimental testing of the three-layer panels were subsequently compared with a numerical model in SCIA Engineer, a numerical model in ANSYS Workbench and an analytical calculation. The research shows a good agreement in bending behavior between the laboratory tests, the analytical calculation according to the standard and two different approaches in numerical analysis.

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“…CLT panels are made of timber, and therefore this material is flammable [15,16]. Based on the fire tests, CLT panels are classified as class D according to their reaction to fire.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stiffness and Deformation Analysis of Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) Panels Made of Nordic Spruce Based on Experimental Testing, Analytical Calculation and Numerical Modeling

2023

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“…Regarding the fire safety of timber structures, the current design practice mostly follows Eurocode 5 (EC5), 1 which estimates the load‐bearing capacity of single members with respect to the effective section as the char layer is nearly zero load resistance. Following this design principle, mass timber structures using engineered timber such as Glued Laminated (Glulam) timber and Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) were vastly implemented in timber building construction, and investigations were conducted regarding their fire performance 2–6 . Correspondingly, modelling the fire behaviour of modern timber structural members is of great interest but facing considerable challenges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zhang et al 5 also conducted a series of solid timber beams (4000 × 100 × 200 mm or 4000 × 150 × 300 mm) with three‐side fire exposure using a furnace. In addition, Bai et al 6 investigated the load‐carrying capacity of a CLT wall (2400 × 420 × 105 mm) exposed to one‐side fire. It is noticed that these fire tests were usually prescribed under standard fire conditions to comply with the design protocol given in Eurocodes 12 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following this design principle, mass timber structures using engineered timber such as Glued Laminated (Glulam) timber and Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) were vastly implemented in timber building construction, and investigations were conducted regarding their fire performance. [2][3][4][5][6] Correspondingly, modelling the fire behaviour of modern timber structural members is of great interest but facing considerable challenges. The charring behaviour of timber sections in a fire is complex and involves multi-phase physical changes and chemical reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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OpenSeesdevelopment for modelling timber structural members subjected to realistic fire impact

et al. 2022

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Timber buildings have been preferred in many regions for the sustainable nature of timber material. Although engineered timber products become promising alternates to traditional construction materials, the fire safety of timber buildings remains a key barrier to wider use. Currently, the design of timber structures mostly adopts the Eurocode 5 approach, which estimates the heat transfer or char depth under the premise of standard fire exposure. To investigate the behaviour of timber structural members in the context of realistic fire action in compartments, appropriate models for different stages of numerical simulation are needed. A series of development have now been conducted in the open‐source platform OpenSees, which enables modelling the heat transfer of timber sections in non‐standard fire scenarios and thermo‐mechanical analysis model using either beam elements or shell elements for various timber structural members. Corresponding thermal actions are developed to deal with timber slabs in fire or timber beams subjected to three‐side fire exposure. Tests on cross‐laminated timber beams at ambient temperature and under fire exposure are modelled to validate the developed capabilities, which is followed by modelling a glued laminated timber beam heated by furnace. In the end, a timber‐concrete composite slab is modelled using the fire impact from a Computational Fluid Dynamics model, which demonstrates the current vision of modelling timber structures in fire and OpenSees for fire is committed to providing such an open‐source research platform to support further modelling work.

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“…Additionally, they demonstrated that numerical models could accurately reproduce the failure process and mechanical behavior of the studied CLT specimens. They conducted a parametric prediction using numerical methods to determine the effect of the number of layers and the combustion time on the residual load-carrying capacity following fire [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Optimization Algorithms-Based ANN to Determine the Temperatures in Timber Exposed to Fire for a Long Duration

2022

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The article investigates the temperature prediction in rectangular timber cross-sections exposed to fire. Timber density, exposure time, and the point coordinates within the cross-section are treated as inputs to determine the temperatures. A total of 54,776 samples of wood cross-sections with a variety of characteristics were considered in this study. Of the sample data, 70% was dedicated to training the networks, while the remaining 30% was used for testing the networks. Feed-forward networks with various topologies were employed to examine the temperatures of timber exposed to fire for more than 1500 s. The weight of the artificial neural network was optimized using bat and genetic algorithms. The results conclude that both algorithms are efficient and accurate tools for determining the temperatures, with the bat algorithm being marginally superior in accuracy than the genetic algorithm.

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Experimental and numerical analysis of residual load-carrying capacity of cross-laminated timber walls after fire

Cited by 16 publications

References 22 publications

Stiffness and Deformation Analysis of Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) Panels Made of Nordic Spruce Based on Experimental Testing, Analytical Calculation and Numerical Modeling

Stiffness and Deformation Analysis of Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) Panels Made of Nordic Spruce Based on Experimental Testing, Analytical Calculation and Numerical Modeling

OpenSeesdevelopment for modelling timber structural members subjected to realistic fire impact

Using Optimization Algorithms-Based ANN to Determine the Temperatures in Timber Exposed to Fire for a Long Duration

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