Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Contaminant Control in Intensive Care Unit: A Case Study of Raipur, India

Verma, Tikendra Nath; Sinha, Shobha Lata

doi:10.18186/thermal.797836

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Of the 28 articles selected, 22 (79% [ 1 , 2 , 13 – 22 , 24 , 26 – 29 , 31 , 33 , 34 , 36 , 37 ]) considered CFD simulation as a tool to understand and visualize the influence of HVAC systems on airflow in the room, or to analyze the spread of the virus in the environment or even to identify areas that are more susceptible to a viral transmission. In addition, these articles are usually associated with experiments or on-site measurements, to validate and compare the results obtained through numerical methods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current approaches for preventing environment-associated contamination in healthcare facilities: a systematic literature review by open access database

Soares

Ornstein

França

2022

Archit. Struct. Constr.

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This article presents a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) whose objective is to identify aspects related to the built environment of Emergency Rooms (ERs) and healthcare facilities that interfere with infection by respiratory diseases. The SLR presented is a relevant part of ongoing research dedicated to discussing the built environment’s role on contamination, considering the COVID-19 pandemic scenario and the ER of the University Hospital of the University of São Paulo (USP), sited in São Paulo city, Brazil, as a case study. The results of this SLR showed that the main aspects discussed in the selected articles are: Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems; disinfection and hygiene; layout and spatial organisation; air curtain and air purification; natural ventilation; door opening; and surface material. As major findings, the importance of properly designed mechanical ventilation systems and of the parameters’ control for the maintenance of Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) are highlighted. In addition, the existence of isolation rooms; periodic assessments based on guides and protocols; self-sanitising materials surfaces; and environmental design strategies are presented, together with the development of technologies, often incorporated into hospital furniture. Thus, as contribution, the article highlights the importance of the association of several measures related to the performance of the built environment to minimise respiratory infections in healthcare environments. As a limit of this research, only open access articles and reviews from 2017 to 2021 were considered, so that the article reveals trends in this field of study, not covering the entirety of content.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current approaches for preventing environment-associated contamination in healthcare facilities: a systematic literature review by open access database

Soares

Ornstein

França

2022

Archit. Struct. Constr.

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“…The characteristics of the experimental parameters are listed in Table 1 . The air exchange rate per hour (ACH) was tested at 6 and 12 in all scenarios [ 31 ]. According to the previous study [ 15 ], the draft sensation could be ignored under these air exchange rates for the three different ventilation systems.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the limitations of the experimental conditions, a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation was carried out to further study the influence of different parameter settings on the control effect. Referring to a previous article [ 27 ], the heights of the return air vents were calculated at 0.3 m, 0.7 m, 1.2 m, 1.6 m and 2.0 m. In addition, the air exchange rates ranged from the original 6 ACH and 12 ACH to 6 ACH, 9 ACH, and 12 ACH [ 31 ]. A distance between the medical staff and the patient of 0.5 m was selected as representative for CFD simulation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Return Air Inlets’ Location on the Control of Fine Particle Transportation in a Simulated Hospital Ward

Ren

Duan

Guo

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The COVID-19 pandemic has made significant impacts on public health, including human exposure to airborne pathogens. In healthcare facilities, the locations of return air vents in ventilation systems may have important effects on lowering airborne SARS-CoV-2 transmission. This study conducted experiments to examine the influence of different return air vents’ heights (0.7 m, 1.2 m, and 1.6 m) on the particle removal effects in a simulated patient ward. Three different ventilation systems were examined: top celling air supply-side wall return (TAS), underfloor air supply-side wall return (UFAS) and side wall air supply-side wall return (SAS). CFD simulation was applied to further study the effects of return air inlets’ heights (0.3 m, 0.7 m, 1.2 m, 1.6 m, and 2.0 m) and air exchange rates. The technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) analysis was used to calculate the comprehensive scores of 60 scenarios using a multi-criterion method to obtain the optimal return air inlets’ heights. Results showed that for each additional 0.5 m distance in most working conditions, the inhalation fraction index of medical staff could be reduced by about 5–20%. However, under certain working conditions, even though the distances between the patients and medical personnel were different, the optimal heights of return air vents were constant. For TAS and UFAS, the optimal return air inlets’ height was 1.2 m, while for SAS, the best working condition was 1.6 m air supply and 0.7 m air return. At the optimum return air heights, the particle decay rate per hour of SAS was 75% higher than that of TAS, and the rate of particle decay per hour of SAS was 21% higher than that of UFAS. The location of return air inlets could further affect the operating cost-effectiveness of ventilation systems: the highest operating cost-effectiveness was 8 times higher than the lowest one.

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“…The study focused on finding optimum mixing characteristics between the sanitizer and ventilation system flow. Verma and Sinha (2020) conducted an experimental and numerical analysis to investigate contamination control in an ICU. They studied 27 different operating conditions and concluded that contaminant particles settle in an ICU room.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk assessment of airborne virus transmission in an intensive care unit due to single and sequential coughing

et al. 2023

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The virus causing COVID‐19 has constantly been mutating into new variants. Some of them are more transmissive and resistant to antibiotics. The current research article aims to examine the airborne transmission of the virus expelled by coughing action in a typical intensive care unit. Both single and sequential coughing actions have been considered to get closer to practical scenarios. The objective is to assess the effectiveness of air change per hour (ACH) on the risk of infection to a healthcare person and how the air change rate influences the dispersion of droplets. Such a study is seldom reported and has significant relevance. A total of four cases were analyzed, of which two were of sequential cough. When the ACH is changed from 6 to 12, the average particle residence time is reduced by ∼7 s. It is found that the risk of infection in the case of sequential cough will be relatively low compared to a single cough if the outlet of the indoor environment is placed above the patient's head. This arrangement also eliminates the requirement of higher ACH, which has significance from an energy conservation perspective.

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Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Contaminant Control in Intensive Care Unit: A Case Study of Raipur, India

Cited by 6 publications

References 49 publications

Current approaches for preventing environment-associated contamination in healthcare facilities: a systematic literature review by open access database

Current approaches for preventing environment-associated contamination in healthcare facilities: a systematic literature review by open access database

Effects of Return Air Inlets’ Location on the Control of Fine Particle Transportation in a Simulated Hospital Ward

Risk assessment of airborne virus transmission in an intensive care unit due to single and sequential coughing

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