Experimental and numerical investigations of pressure-controlled resin transfer molding (PC-RTM)

Seuffert, Julian; Rosenberg, Philipp; Kärger, Luise; Henning, Frank; Kothmann, Martin Heinz; Deinzer, Günter

doi:10.1080/20550340.2020.1805689

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…These simulation approaches aim to predict the mold filling behavior of large structures, especially under consideration of anisotropic permeability [21,22], curing of reactive resin systems [23,24] and Fluid-Structure-Interaction (FSI) [25,26]. Different modeling and solving techniques have been proposed in the literature, including Finite Volume (FV) [27] to Finite Differences (FD) [28] techniques. Moreover, conforming [29,30] and non-conforming [31] FE-based formulations with additional control volumes (FE/CV) [22,32] to account for mass conservation and interface flows are adopted.…”

Section: Macroscopic Process Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards 3D Process Simulation for<i> In Situ</i> Hybridization of Fiber-Metal-Laminates (FML)

Poppe

Werner

Kruse

et al. 2022

KEM

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Fiber-metal-laminates (FML) provide excellent fatigue behavior, damage tolerant properties, and inherent corrosion resistance.To speed up manufacturing and simultaneously increase the geometrical complexity of the produced FML parts, Mennecart et al. proposed a new single-step process combining deep-drawing with infiltration (HY-LCM). Although the first experimental results are promising, the process involves several challenges, mainly originating from the Fluid-Structure-Interaction (FSI) between deep-drawing and infiltration. This work aims to investigate those challenges to comprehend the underlying mechanisms. A new close-to-process test setup is proposed on the experimental side, combining deep-drawing of a hybrid stack with a linear infiltration. A process simulation model for FMLs is presented on the numerical side, enabling a prediction of the dry molding forces, local Fiber Volume Content (FVC) within the three glass fiber (GF) interlayers, and simultaneous fluid progression. The numerical results show that the local deformation of the hybrid stack and required forces are predictable. Furthermore, lateral sealing of the hybrid stacks leads to deviations from the intended initially one-dimensional fluid progression. Eventually, the numerical results demonstrate that most flow resistance originates from geometrically critical locations. Future experimental and numerical work will combine these insights to focus on the flow evaluation during deformation and a successful part-level application.

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Section: Macroscopic Process Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards 3D Process Simulation for<i> In Situ</i> Hybridization of Fiber-Metal-Laminates (FML)

Poppe

Werner

Kruse

et al. 2022

KEM

Self Cite

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“…The introduction of pressure-controlled RTM was to cope up with the difficulties of high cavity pressure in the process of compression RTM while injection. It makes use of implanted pressure device to dynamically govern the values of pressure while cavity filling takes place with an adjustable mold gap height [162].…”

Section: Resin Transfer Molding (Rtm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Composites for electric vehicles and automotive sector: A review

Wazeer¹,

Das²,

Abeykoon³

et al. 2023

Green Energy and Intelligent Transportation

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“…Recently, VaRTM has shown promise as a representative process of out-of-autoclave (OoA) technology, which is required as an alternative to the existing autoclave process, and its utilization is increasing in composite structural parts of aircraft [1][2][3]. VaRTM uses dry preform and liquid resin separately during the molding process [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of impregnation quality on out-of-autoclave processed CFRP aircraft wing spar through resin flow simulation

Park

et al. 2021

Funct. Compos. Struct.

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Vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VaRTM) is becoming one of the most robust alternatives for autoclave processes. VaRTM, which applies the resin injection method in a vacuum environment, generally uses fiber reinforcement and a polymer matrix separately in the process. The VaRTM is mainly dominated by the characteristics of constituent materials, such as preform permeability and resin viscosity. Among them, process design with the arrangement of resin inlet/outlet locations is closely related to process defects, and inappropriate inlet/outlet layouts cause voids, etc, which has a decisive effect on quality degradation. Therefore, in this study, a highly curved and twisted spar structure was fabricated by the VaRTM, and both flow simulations using Programs for Applied Mechanics–Resin Transfer Molding software and experimental test parts built with three different inlet/outlet line conditions were performed and compared to predict and improve impregnation quality. There was good agreement between the simulation and built test specimen for the three cases that the shorter inlet and outlet length resulted in improved impregnation quality. It was verified that impregnation and inner quality could be improved through flow simulation analysis during the VaRTM process.

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Experimental and numerical investigations of pressure-controlled resin transfer molding (PC-RTM)

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Towards 3D Process Simulation for<i> In Situ</i> Hybridization of Fiber-Metal-Laminates (FML)

Towards 3D Process Simulation for<i> In Situ</i> Hybridization of Fiber-Metal-Laminates (FML)

Composites for electric vehicles and automotive sector: A review

Improvement of impregnation quality on out-of-autoclave processed CFRP aircraft wing spar through resin flow simulation

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