Experimental and Numerical Study of Heat Transfer in a Gas Turbine Combustor Liner

Bailey, Jeremy C.; Intile, J.; Fric, T. F.; Tolpadi, Anil K.; Nirmalan, Nirm V.; Bunker, Ronald S.

doi:10.1115/gt2002-30183

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…In this application, the cellular material acts as a structural heat exchanger-bearing structural loads associated with combustion pressures and thermal expansion and actively cooling itself via forced air convection within the cells. The actively cooled cellular materials are intended to replace standard materials, such as nickel-based superalloys, that require a coating of cool air on combustion-side surfaces to prevent melting, leading to increased emissions and decreased efficiency [42,43]. The design requirements and operating conditions for a 'mock' combustor liner example are summarized in Table 1.…”

Section: The Multifunctional Topology Design Approach With Applicatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctional Topology Design of Cellular Material Structures

Seepersad

Allen

Mistree

2006

Volume 1: 32nd Design Automation Conference, Parts a and B

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Prismatic cellular or honeycomb materials exhibit favorable properties for multifunctional applications such as ultra-light load bearing combined with active cooling. Since these properties are strongly dependent on the underlying cellular structure, design methods are needed for tailoring cellular topologies with customized multifunctional properties that may be unattainable with standard cell designs. Topology optimization methods are available for synthesizing the form of a cellular structure—including the size, shape, and connectivity of cell walls and the number, shape, and arrangement of cell openings—rather than specifying these features a priori. To date, the application of these methods for cellular materials design has been limited primarily to elastic and thermo-elastic properties, however, and limitations of standard topology optimization methods prevent direct application to many other phenomena such as conjugate heat transfer with internal convection. In this paper, we introduce a practical, two-stage, flexibility-based, multifunctional topology design approach for applications that require customized multifunctional properties. As part of the approach, robust topology design methods are used to design flexible cellular topology with customized structural properties. Dimensional and topological flexibility is embodied in the form of robust ranges of cell wall dimensions and robust permutations of a nominal cellular topology. The flexibility is used to improve the heat transfer characteristics of the design via addition/removal of cell walls and adjustment of cellular dimensions, respectively, without degrading structural performance. We apply the method to design stiff, actively cooled prismatic cellular materials for the combustor liners of next-generation gas turbine engines.

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Section: The Multifunctional Topology Design Approach With Applicatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctional Topology Design of Cellular Material Structures

Seepersad

Allen

Mistree

2006

Volume 1: 32nd Design Automation Conference, Parts a and B

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“…Figure 2 shows the VG fuel injector used in their study. Bailey et al [14] studied an annular combustor liner cooled by impingement jet rows with rib-turbulated channel flow downstream of impingement. This is a typical cooling scheme for DLE combustor with a combination of impinging jets and rib-turbulated enhanced convective cooling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictions of Flow and Heat Transfer in Low Emission Combustors

Esposito

Ekkad

2008

Heat Transfer Engineering

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Flow and heat transfer predictions in modern low emission combustors are critical to maintaining the liner wall at reasonable temperatures. This study is the first to focus on a critical issue for combustor design. The objective of this paper is to understand the effect of different swirl angle for a dry low emission (DLE) combustor on flow and heat transfer distributions. This paper provides the effect of fuel nozzle swirl angle on velocity distributions, temperature, and surface heat transfer coefficients. A simple test model is investigated with flow through fuel nozzles without reactive flow. The fuel nozzle angle is varied to obtain different swirl conditions inside the combustor. The effect of flow Reynolds number and swirl number are investigated using FLUENT. Different RANS-based turbulence models are tested to determine the ability of these models to predict the swirling flow. For comparison, different turbulence models such as standard k − ε, realizable k − ε, and shear stress transport (SST) k − ω turbulence model were studied for non-reactive flow conditions. The results show that, for a high degree swirl flow, the SST k −ω model can provide more reasonable predictions for recirculation and high velocity gradients. With increasing swirl angle, the average surface heat transfer coefficient increases while the average static temperature will decrease. Preliminary analysis shows that the k − ω model is the best model for predicting swirling flows. Also critical is the effect of the swirling flows on the liner wall heat transfer. The strength and magnitude of the swirl determines the local heat transfer maxima location. This location needs to be cooled more effectively by various cooling schemes.

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“…Furthermore, the higher compression ratios of modern gas turbines lead to higher air temperatures at the combustor inlet, limiting the cooling potential of the inlet air. Given these limitations, a great emphasis has been given to the development of more effective cooling schemes for combustor liners 1,5,6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow Field and Liner Heat Transfer for a Model Annular Combustor Equipped with Radial Swirlers

Ramirez¹,

Kumar²,

Ekkad³

et al. 2014

50th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference

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Swirling flows for combustion stabilization, flame confinement, and proper fuel mixing and recirculation are prevalent in gas turbine combustor applications. Modern gas turbines use swirlers to induce strong rotating vortices and recirculation of the combustion gases to enhance combustion efficiency and stability. This study presents an experimental investigation of the flow field and wall heat transfer characteristics inside a model annular combustor equipped with radial swirlers. 2D Particle Image Velocimetry (2D-PIV) was used to characterize the flow field inside the combustor model. PIV measurements were taken for a single Reynolds number of 70000. To study the recirculation zone, data along the axial direction of the combustor were captured. The data show a slightly asymmetric flow, with the recirculation zone extending up to , where D is the hydraulic diameter of the entire annulus ( m). To study the evolution of the rotating vortex and the flow velocity close to the liner walls, PIV data was also captured at six cross-sections of the annular combustor. The vortex center was observed to be below the center of the swirler, consistent with the asymmetry observed in the axial measurements. Infrared (IR) thermography was used to measure the steady state heat transfer coefficients along the outer and inner liner walls for Reynolds numbers of , , andThe comparison between the heat transfer results for the different Reynolds numbers reveals a relatively constant position for the peak heat transfer at from the swirler exit for both walls. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) calculations were also performed to better understand the characteristics of the flow inside the model combustor. The CFD model reproduces the experimental setup with a mesh of 25 million cells. A ReynoldsAveraged Navier-Stokes (RANS) model was used in the simulation, qualitatively reproducing the overall characteristics observed in the experiment. Nomenclature A = Surface area of the thin heater or = Hydraulic diameter of the combustor = Axial flux of axial momentum = Axial flux of tangential momentum = Heat transfer coefficient = Thermal conductivity of air = Nusselt number = Reference Nusselt number, from Dittus-Boelter correlation for internal turbulent flow 2 = Electric power provided to the thin heater = Prandtl number = Conduction loss heat transfer rate = Heat transfer rate provided by the thin heater = Radial distance from the center of the swirler = Electric resistance of the thin heater = Outer radius of the swirler hub = Reynolds number = Swirl number = Turbulent kinetic energy = Liner wall temperature = Mainstream temperature (temperature of the air inside the combustor model) = Voltage applied to the thin heater = Air velocity at the inlet of the combustor = Tangential velocity (from the center of the swirler) = Radial velocity (from the center of the swirler) = Air velocity component along X = Air velocity component along Y = Velocity vector in the X-Y plane = Kinematic viscosity of air = Distance along the combustor (axial) = Dist...

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Experimental and Numerical Study of Heat Transfer in a Gas Turbine Combustor Liner

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Multifunctional Topology Design of Cellular Material Structures

Multifunctional Topology Design of Cellular Material Structures

Predictions of Flow and Heat Transfer in Low Emission Combustors

Flow Field and Liner Heat Transfer for a Model Annular Combustor Equipped with Radial Swirlers

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