An iridium-catalyzed reductive three-component coupling reaction for the synthesis of medicinally relevant α-amino 1,3,4-oxadiazoles from abundant tertiary amides or lactams, carboxylic acids, and (N-isocyanimino) triphenylphosphorane, is described. Proceeding under mild conditions using (<1 mol%) Vaska's complex (IrCl(CO)(PPh 3) 2 ) and tetramethyldisiloxane to access the key reactive iminium ion intermediates, a broad range of structurally complex α-amino 1,3,4-oxadiazole architectures were efficiently accessed from diverse carboxylic acid feedstock coupling partners. Extension to α-amino heterodiazole synthesis was readily achieved by exchanging the carboxylic acid coupling partner for C-, S-, or N-centered Brønsted acids, and provided rapid and modular access to these desirable, yet difficult-to-access, heterocycles. Furthermore, the high chemoselectivity of the catalytic reductive activation step allowed the late-stage functionalization of 10 drug molecules, including the synthesis of novel heterodiazole-fused drug-drug conjugates. File list (2) download file view on ChemRxiv VaskaOxadiazoles -ChemRxiv.pdf (1.02 MiB) download file view on ChemRxiv VaskaOxadiazolesSI.pdf (4.98 MiB)