Experimental Assessment of a Methodology for the Indirect in-Cylinder Pressure Evaluation in Four-Stroke Internal Combustion Engines

Romani, Luca; Bianchini, Alessandro; Vichi, Giovanni; Bellissima, Alessandro; Ferrara, Giovanni

doi:10.3390/en11081982

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The natural luminosity [34,35] of streamers and flames is recorded by a Vision Research Phantom V710 high-speed CMOS camera coupled with a Nikon 55 mm f/2.8 [36]. A common trigger signal, derived from an automotive camshaft position sensor (Bosch 0232103052), ensures the synchronization between imaging data and indicating ones, thus allowing to match flame development 2D information (on a swirl plane) and in-cylinder pressure trace of the same cycle (Figure 3).…”

Section: Imaging Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Development of a New Image Analysis Technique for Detecting the Flame Front Evolution in Spark Ignition Engine under Lean Condition

et al. 2022

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The aim of herein work is to develop an automatized algorithm for detecting, as objectively as possible, the flame front evolution of lean/ultra-lean mixtures ignited by low temperature plasma-based ignition systems. The low luminosity characterizing the latter conditions makes both kernel formation and combustion development difficult to detect accurately. Therefore, to estimate the igniter capability to efficiently ignite the mixture, ever more performing tools are required. The present work proposes a new image analysis technique, based on a dual-exposure fusion algorithm and on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), to process low brightness images captured via high-speed camera on an optical engine. The performance of the proposed algorithm (PA) is compared to the one of a base reference (BR) algorithm used by the same research group for the imaging analysis. The comparison shows the capability of PA to quantify the flame radius of consecutive combustion cycles with lower dispersion if compared to BR and to correctly detect some events considered as misfires or anomalies by BR. Moreover, the proposed method shows greater capability to detect, in advance, the kernel formation with respect to BR, thus allowing a more detailed analysis of the performance of the igniters. A metric quantitative analysis is carried out, as well, to confirm the above-mentioned results. Therefore, PA results to be more suitable for analyzing ultra-lean combustions, heavily investigated to meet the increasingly stringent legislation on the internal combustion engines. Finally, the proposed algorithm allows us to automatically estimate the flame front evolution, regardless of the user’s interpretation of the phenomenon.

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Section: Imaging Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Development of a New Image Analysis Technique for Detecting the Flame Front Evolution in Spark Ignition Engine under Lean Condition

et al. 2022

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“…The synchronization with indicating data by means of a common trigger ( Figure 3) allowed matching the flame evolution and in-cylinder pressure trace of the same cycle. The first was necessary to characterize the early flame generation, whereas the latter was necessary to understand the entire combustion behavior [44]. The trigger signal was derived from an automotive camshaft position sensor, a Bosch 0232103052, which generated a square wave featured with a 10% duty cycle once per camshaft revolution (i.e., every two engine revolutions).…”

Section: Imaging Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Optical Method to Characterize Streamer Variability and Streamer-to-Flame Transition for Radio-Frequency Corona Discharges

et al. 2020

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In recent years, radio-frequency corona ignition gained increasing interest from the engine research community because of its capability to extend the engine stable operating range in terms of lean and EGR dilution. The corona discharge generates streamers coming from a star-shaped electrode, generally consisting of four or five tips. The temporal and spatial variability of such streamers in length, orientation, and branching can be factors that affect the combustion onset and, therefore, engine cycle-to-cycle variability. Generally, the latter is reduced with respect to a conventional spark igniter at the same air–fuel ratio, but still present. In this work, analysis on the corona discharge and on the subsequent combustion onset was carried out in an optically accessible engine by means of the detection, via high-speed camera, of the natural luminosity of streamers and flames. A method to characterize spatial and temporal variability in motored conditions is firstly presented. A statistical analysis of the streamer behavior was performed, by separately analyzing the streamers generated by each tip of the star-shaped electrode. Finally, an original method aimed at determining the moment of the first flame appearance, caused by the combustion onset, is presented. The outcome of this work can be used to improve the knowledge on corona discharge, in particular on the stochastic behavior that characterizes the streamers. The presented optical analysis can also be adapted to other volumetric, single- or multi-point ignition systems.

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“…Hence, several indirect methods for reconstructing the pressure profile have been considered in the literature. They differ for the estimation techniques adopted as well as for the measured quantity, including vibration signals [10], acoustic emissions [11], and mechanical stress [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Cylinder Pressure Estimation from Rotational Speed Measurements via Extended Kalman Filter

Quartullo

Garulli

Giannitrapani

et al. 2023

Sensors

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Real-time estimation of the in-cylinder pressure of combustion engines is crucial to detect failures and improve the performance of the engine control system. A new estimation scheme is proposed based on the Extended Kalman Filter, which exploits measurements of the engine rotational speed provided by a standard phonic wheel sensor. The main novelty lies in a parameterization of the combustion pressure, which is generated by averaging experimental data collected in different operating points. The proposed approach is validated on real data from a turbocharged compression ignition engine, including both nominal and off-nominal working conditions. The experimental results show that the proposed technique accurately reconstructs the pressure profile, featuring a fit performance index exceeding 90% most of the time. Moreover, it can track changes in the engine operating conditions as well as detect the presence of cylinder-to-cylinder variations.

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Experimental Assessment of a Methodology for the Indirect in-Cylinder Pressure Evaluation in Four-Stroke Internal Combustion Engines

Cited by 13 publications

References 29 publications

A Development of a New Image Analysis Technique for Detecting the Flame Front Evolution in Spark Ignition Engine under Lean Condition

A Development of a New Image Analysis Technique for Detecting the Flame Front Evolution in Spark Ignition Engine under Lean Condition

An Optical Method to Characterize Streamer Variability and Streamer-to-Flame Transition for Radio-Frequency Corona Discharges

In-Cylinder Pressure Estimation from Rotational Speed Measurements via Extended Kalman Filter

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