Experimental assessment of a residential scale renewable–regenerative energy system

Bergen, A.; Pitt, Lawrence; Rowe, Andrew; Wild, Peter; Djilali, Ned

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.09.098

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…"Experimental studies demonstrate that it is possible to use this kind of energy storage in the scale of kW for residential application [10], [11]…"…”

Section: In the Article Text It Is Saidmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Simulation studies have demonstrated the technical and economic viability of the use of hydrogen in wind farm compensation combined with a biomass gasification plant [5], [6], or in stand-alone systems for residential areas [7], [8], [9] combining wind energy production with solar photovoltaic and hydrogen storage [10]. Experimental studies demonstrate that it is possible to use this kind of energy storage in the scale of kW for residential application [11], [12] or even in extreme environmental conditions. An example would be the system presented in [13], where a hydrogen storage system is combined with two wind turbines and a battery bank, in order to supply the energy demand of the Argentine Esperanza Station, in Hope Bay, Antarctica.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental characterization of a grid-connected hydrogen energy buffer: Hydrogen production

Sánchez

González

2013

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Energy storage becomes a necessity when a high penetration of renewable energy sources is desirable. Variability in the energy production from these types of energy sources can make the utility grid unstable, if the percentage of production is important. In order to minimize this problem, the HiDRENER project was designed to study the effect of combining different renewable energy sources with energy storage on grid stability. The system has a wind generator, a gasifying biomass power plant with syngas storage, a solar photovoltaic plant, and a hydrogen energy buffer. Controlling the entire system is very complex. This paper shows the results of the grid-connected hydrogen energy buffer characterization, considering hydrogen production in this first stage. The objective is to know the complete behavior of the system, which could help us to define the energy buffer control. This control is oriented toward consuming excess energy produced by the other sources in real time. This means that the hydrogen buffer control has to negotiate how much energy can be stored, and act on the production system. Thus, actuation variables and dynamic behavior have to be discovered. Dr. E.A. Veziroglu Editor-in-ChiefInternational Journal of Hydrogen Energy The article that I send to be considered for its inclusion in your publication presents the results of an experimental characterization study done to a grid connected hydrogen production system that is part of a complete project, named HiDRENER. The HiDRENER project was designed to study the effect of combining different renewable energy sources with energy storage on grid stability. The system has a wind generator, a gasifying biomass power plant with syngas storage, a solar photovoltaic plant, and a hydrogen energy buffer. The hydrogen production system takes part of the hydrogen energy buffer. The objective is to know the complete behavior of the system, which could help us to define the energy buffer control. This control is oriented toward consuming excess energy produced by the other sources in real time. Thus, before we designed the control system, we need to know the complete behavior of production system. This work is the natural continuation of last papers that we published in your publication, titled Wind park reliable energy production based on a hydrogen compensation system. Part I and II. There, we showed the results of the system simulation. Now, we show first results of experimental implementation.Thank you very much in advance for your time. Sincerely yours Carlos Sánchez-DíazCover Letter Dear Dr. Muradov, We want to thank the reviewers their comments that, we are sure, will improve the quality of the paper, even if they consider that it is not able to publication. Below we show their comments and we describe the modifications made to the original document we sent. If no modification is made, we justify why. Reviewer #1:This paper is generally well written, but another check is required: for example, figure 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 15 present words in Spanish ...

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“…"Experimental studies demonstrate that it is possible to use this kind of energy storage in the scale of kW for residential application [10], [11]…"…”

Section: In the Article Text It Is Saidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental characterization of a grid-connected hydrogen energy buffer: Hydrogen production

Sánchez

González

2013

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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“…For instance the operating point at v = 7 m s À1 is C, defined by the intersection of curves I v R and I E . At a generic wind speed v, this intersection implies that (14) and (15) satisfy (5), so the following condition yields in terms of v and k: U dc ðv; kÞ À hðI R ðv; kÞÞ ¼ 0:…”

Section: Mode Ii: Operation At Autonomous Steady-statementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each group can be sub-classified into grid-independent and grid-assisted systems [12]. The latter category has the advantage of eliminating problems of the former one related to intermittent electrolyzer operation [13,14]. Further, the power exchange with the grid allows mitigating the effects of time-varying input energy on the quality of electrolyzer power supply.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of hydrogen production capabilities of a grid-assisted wind–H2 system

2011

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“…The well-to-wheel efficiencies are 21.7 and 13.8% for FC and ICE vehicles, respectively. For hydrogen manufacture, there are many ways to produce hydrogen, particular from wind turbines and photovoltaic cells [5].…”

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confidence: 99%

Analysis of Differential Flatness-Based Control for a Fuel Cell Hybrid Power Source

Thounthong

Pierfederici

Davat

2010

IEEE Trans. Energy Convers.

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Abstract-This paper presents an innovative control law for distributed dc generation supplied by a fuel cell (FC) (main source) and supercapacitor (auxiliary source). This kind of system is a multiconverter structure and exhibits nonlinear behavior. The operation of a multiconverter structure can lead to interactions between the controls of the converters if they are designed separately. Typically, interactions between converters are studied using impedance criteria to investigate the stability of cascaded systems. In this paper, a nonlinear control algorithm based on the flatness properties of the system is proposed. Flatness provides a convenient framework for meeting a number of performance specifications for the hybrid power source. Using the flatness property, we propose simple solutions to hybrid energy management and stabilization problems. The design controller parameters are autonomous of the operating point; moreover, interactions between converters are taken into account by the controllers, and high dynamics in disturbance rejection is achieved. To validate the proposed method, a hardware system is realized with analog circuits, and digital estimation is accomplished with a dSPACE controller. Experimental results with small-scale devices (a polymer electrolyte membrane FC of 1200 W, 46 A and a supercapacitor module of 100 F, 500 A, and 32 V) in a laboratory corroborate the excellent control scheme during a motor-drive cycle.

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Experimental assessment of a residential scale renewable–regenerative energy system

Cited by 19 publications

References 17 publications

Experimental characterization of a grid-connected hydrogen energy buffer: Hydrogen production

Experimental characterization of a grid-connected hydrogen energy buffer: Hydrogen production

Evaluation of hydrogen production capabilities of a grid-assisted wind–H2 system

Analysis of Differential Flatness-Based Control for a Fuel Cell Hybrid Power Source

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