Experimental atherosclerosis in the dog

Suzuki, Minoru; Greenberg, S. Donald; Adams, J. Gordon; Oneal, Robert M.

doi:10.1016/0014-4800(64)90026-7

Cited by 31 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Hyperlipidemia is associated with atherosclerosis in humans and in dogs, and consequently thromboembolic disease and decreased perfusion may occur. 8,11,[16][17][18] Plasma LDL concentrations are positively correlated with the risk of developing atherosclerosis in people. The concurrent presence of hypothyroidism and atherosclerosis in dogs also has been documented.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hyperlipidemia causes atherosclerosis in dogs, and an association among hypothyroidism, hyperlipidemia, and atherosclerosis exists. 8,11,16,17 Liu et al 18 reported 21 dogs in which atherosclerosis was found at postmortem examination, and one of the most common findings in these dogs was hypothyroidism. Three of the dogs had neurologic signs that were explained by atherosclerotic lesions in the circle of Willis and rostral cerebral arteries.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Neurologic Dysfunction in Hypothyroid, Hyperlipidemic Labrador Retrievers

Vitale

Olby

2007

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Hypothyroidism has been associated with a variety of neurologic signs, but the mechanism for this association is not completely understood. Hypothyroidism also is associated with hyperlipidemia that predisposes to atherosclerosis, increased blood viscosity, and thromboembolic events.Objective: The objective is to characterize neurologic signs potentially associated with hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis in canine hypothyroidism.Animals: This study used dogs referred to North Carolina State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital for evaluation of neurologic signs.Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in which medical records of dogs with neurologic signs and a diagnosis of hypothyroidism and hyperlipidemia were reviewed. Details of the history, presenting signs, results of routine blood tests, thyroid tests, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis and diagnostic imaging, and response to therapy were compiled.Results: Three Labrador Retrievers and one Labrador Retriever cross fit the inclusion criteria. All dogs were hypothyroid and severely hyperlipidemic. Neurologic signs included tetraparesis, central and peripheral vestibular signs, facial paralysis, and paraparesis. Two dogs had an acute history and rapid resolution of signs consistent with an infarct, the presence of which was confirmed in 1 of the dogs by magnetic resonance imaging. Two dogs had chronic histories of cranial neuropathies and paraparesis. One of these dogs had evidence of iliac thrombosis and atherosclerosis on ultrasound examination. All dogs improved with thyroid hormone supplementation.Clinical Relevance: Labrador Retrievers may be predisposed to the development of severe hyperlipidemia in association with hypothyroidism. One possible consequence of severe hyperlipidemia is the development of neurologic signs due to atherosclerosis and thromboembolic events.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Neurologic Dysfunction in Hypothyroid, Hyperlipidemic Labrador Retrievers

Vitale

Olby

2007

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…16 In contrast to humans, infarction in dogs rarely has been associated with atherosclerosis, but when it does occur, it may be a complication of hypothyroidism. 4,8,16,57 None of the dogs in this study were diagnosed with hypothyroidism, an endocrine disease frequently reported in the veterinary literature as an underlying cause of cerebrovascular disease. 4,16,20 Despite thorough investigations, brain infarctions were not associated with any concurrent medical condition in almost half of the dogs in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Results of Diagnostic Investigations and Long-Term Outcome of 33 Dogs with Brain Infarction (2000-2004)

Garosi

McConnell

Platt

et al. 2005

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

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Medical records of 33 dogs presented for acute onset, nonprogressive, intracranial dysfunction that had a magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis of brain infarction were reviewed. Postmortem confirmation of brain infarction was available in 10 dogs. All dogs were evaluated by CBC, serum biochemistry, thyroid and adrenal testing, urinalysis, thoracic and abdominal imaging, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Results of coagulation profile and arterial blood pressure were available in 32/33 and 28/33 dogs, respectively. On the basis of the imaging findings, infarcts were classified depending on their type (territorial or lacunar) and location within the brain (telencephalic, 10/33; thalamic/midbrain, 8/33; cerebellar, 15/33). No marked associations among location or type of infarct and patient age and sex, occurrence of systemic hypertension, and the presence or absence of a concurrent medical condition were identified. Small breed dogs (< or =15 kg) were significantly more likely to have territorial cerebellar infarcts, whereas large breed dogs (>15 kg) were significantly more likely to have lacunar thalamic or midbrain infarcts. A concurrent medical condition was detected in 18/33 dogs with brain infarcts, with chronic kidney disease (8/33) and hyperadrenocorticism (6/ 33) being most commonly encountered. Of 33 dogs, 10 were euthanized because of the severity and lack of improvement of their neurologic status or the severity of their concurrent medical condition. No association was identified between type or location of infarct and patient outcome. Dogs with concurrent medical conditions had significantly shorter survival times than those with no identifiable medical condition and were significantly more likely to suffer from recurrent neurologic signs because of subsequent infarcts.

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“…The role of elastic tissue in the formation of atheroma in aging blood vessels has been stressed [8,12], Postlathyritic medial scars accelerate diet-induced atherosclerosis in rats [2], Of interest is the depo sition of calcium particles between aortic elastic lamellae of the present experiment. Calcification of the aortic medial clastin has been implicated as an initial change in the development of arteriosclerosis in man [11], and we have previously observed calcium salt deposition, by electron microscopy, along the internal elastic lamina in diet-induced atherosclero sis in dogs [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Atherosclerosis in Lathyritic Aortas of Rats

Hosoda¹,

Suzuki²

1970

Pathobiology

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Forty weanling male rats were administered 0.4% beta-aminopropionitrile fumarate (BAPN) for 3 weeks and were then fed an atherogenic diet supplemented with 0.2% BAPN for 4 weeks and with 0.l% BAPN for 9 weeks. Twenty control rats were fed the atherogenic diet without added BAPN. Grossly, intimal lipidosis of the aorta stained with Sudan IV appeared more extensive in test than in control rats. Histologically, intimal lipidosis of the aorta in test rats appeared as early as at 3 weeks on the atherogenic diet. Six test rats showed medial dissection of the thoracic aorta with intimal lipidosis. Dissected spaces of the aorta were filled with proliferating medial cells and, in the subendothelial zone, the smooth muscle cells were mixed with lipid-laden macrophages. Electron microscopically, the aortic intima of test rats showed lipid-laden macrophages and smooth muscle cells in widened subendothelial space. Between the test and control groups, none of the major serum lipid fractions showed significant difference.The results suggest that lathyritic changes of rat aortas induce not only active repair of damaged media but also enhance intimal lipid deposition.

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Experimental atherosclerosis in the dog

Cited by 31 publications

References 10 publications

Neurologic Dysfunction in Hypothyroid, Hyperlipidemic Labrador Retrievers

Neurologic Dysfunction in Hypothyroid, Hyperlipidemic Labrador Retrievers

Results of Diagnostic Investigations and Long-Term Outcome of 33 Dogs with Brain Infarction (2000-2004)

Production of Atherosclerosis in Lathyritic Aortas of Rats

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