Experimental Campylobacter Jejuni Infection in Humans

Campylobacter contamination in retail poultry meats and by-products in Japan: A literature survey

“…Livers, in particular, tended to have higher levels of contamination with Campylobacter spp. In a volunteer study, C. jejuni infection was reported to occur after the ingestion of as few as 500-800 cells (Black, Levine, Clements, Hughes, & Blaser, 1988;Robinson, 1981). This suggests that a large section of retail poultry in Japan was contaminated with C. jejuni/coli at levels that were adequate to induce gastroenteritis if the meat consumed was raw or undercooked.…”

Vaccines against Bacterial Enteric Infections

“…With respect to oral vaccines against enteric bacterial pathogens, experimental challenge models involving community volunteers have been established for cholera (Levine et al, 1979a(Levine et al, , 1981a(Levine et al, , 1981b, Shigella (Kotloff et al, 1995), ETEC (Harro et al, 2011a;Levine et al, 1977Levine et al, , 1979b, C. jejuni (Black et al, 1988;Tribble et al, 2010b), and S. Typhi (Pollard et al, 2012;Waddington et al, 2014). These models have proved highly useful for identifying protective activity of oral vaccine candidates and served as the basis for the licensure of the CVD 103-HgR oral cholera vaccine in multiple countries for use in travelers.…”

Foodborne Infections and Intoxications Associated with International Travel

“…birds and cats) (Kapperud et al, 1992b;Schorr et al, 1994). The infectious dose needed to cause illness showed large strain variation between 800 to 10 9 organisms, and person-to-person transmission does occur more readily with certain strains (Black et al, 1988). In industrialized countries it is often a disease of children under the age of one year and a second peak of infection is found in adults of 15-44 years of age, with males more often affected than females (Friedman et al, 2000).…”