Experimental confirmation of the IsoRedShift at sunset and sunrise, with consequential absence of the universe expansion and related conjectures1

Abstract

In this paper, we recall the mutation of the Minkowski spacetime for empty space into the covering isospacetime caused by physical media; we recall its experimental verifications via the isoredshift of laser light in a metal pipe containing air at pressure, as well as additional experimental verifications in other fields; and we present, apparently for the first time, experimental confirmations of Santilli's 1991 prediction of the isoredshift as the primary origin of the redness of direct Sunlight at Sunset and Sunrise without any appreciable relative motion between Earth and Sun, said isoredshift being proportional to the distance traveled by Sunlight in air. Absorption is dismissed as a source of said redness of the Sun because air predominantly absorbs red, as experimentally established, without dismissing minor contributions, e.g., for the shape (but not the shift) of wavelengths. The widely accepted conjecture that scattering is the origin of said redness of the Sun, without dismissing minor contributions, is shown to be inapplicable for direct Sunlight, to have no representational capability for the needed very large shifts (measured up to 200 nm), and to have been dismissed experimentally at the cosmological level with recent measurements via Hubble's telescope, as well as on Earth by recent scattering measurements by some of us. Since intergalactic spaces are far from being empty, and physical laws must be the same throughout the universe, the preceding experimental results are shown to be evidence for the absence of the expansion of the universe, the absence of the acceleration of the expansion, the absence of the big bang, and the elimination of the far reaching conjecture that space itself is expanding as needed, from Hubble's law, to prevent a return to the Middle Ages with Earth at the center of the universe. It is finally shown that the same experimental confirmations of Santilli isoredshift imply the absence of dark matter and dark energy since the universe is nowhere empty, with consequential universal validity of Santilli isospacetime and its Lorentz-Poincaré-Santilli isosymmetry.

Experimental confirmation of Santilli's IsoRedShifts and IsoBlueShifts1

“…The mathematical and theoretical resolution of this blatant difference has been provided years ago by Santilli [2b] by reducing both events to the same physical laws, mutation of the Minkowskian spacetine caused by energy (or gases) and consequential IRS. Experimental confirmations are presented in the adjoining paper [10].…”

“…As indicated earlier, Santilli was not able to conduct measurements of direct Sunlighgt at Sunset due to the lack of the necessary equipment [5]. The necessary equipment has now been identified and the first apparent experimental confirmation of the IRS of Sunlightr at Sunset is presented in paper [10] jointly with expected cosmological implications (see also the lecture availa ble from the link of Ref. [11]).…”

“…Apparent experimental confirmation opf the IRS origin of the redness of Sunlight at Sunset is presented in the adjoinming paper [10] and its cosmological implications are presented in paper [11].…”

Additional experimental confirmations of Santilli's IsoRedShift and the consequential expected absence of the universe expansion

“…Following several months of measurements, Santilli released the results for publication in Ref. [9] by stressing that the main scope of the measurements was to establish the existence of the IRS, without any [14] conducted spectroscopic analyses of the entire spectrum of visible Sunlight in the transition from the Zenith to the horizon (left figures) because it is equivalent to the cosmological redshift of distant galaxies (right view). Therefore, experimental measurements of the Sun redshift have direct relevance for the cosmological redshift.…”

“…The experimental set up for the scan of Sunlight from the Zenith to the horizon used in Ref. [14] comprising a conventional refraction telescope with a Yokogawa wavelength analyzer directly connected to the eyepiece. The top picture shows the the calibration of the instrument by a manufacturer representative for scans of the Sun at the Zenith, and the position of the instrument at sunset.…”