Experimental Deerpox Infection in Black-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Hemionus Columbianus)

Bildfell, Rob; Thompson, Kimberly A.; Moerdyk-Schauwecker, Megan; Jin, Ling; Wolff, Peregrine L.; Gillin, Colin M.

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-46.1.33

Cited by 6 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…These are similar to lesions observed in black-tailed deer 6 to 8 days after cutaneous inoculation with DPV. 6 Chronic lesions of moose calves were histologically characterized by serocellular crust, epidermal regeneration, large numbers of lymphocytes and plasma cells, and a moderate number of macrophages with occasional multinucleated giant cells infiltrating the dermis, follicle, and adnexal glands. As with subacute lesions, these features were similarly observed 11 to 13 days after experimental cutaneous inoculation of DPV in black-tailed deer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and Biological Characterization of a Cervidpoxvirus Isolated From Moose with Necrotizing Dermatitis

et al. 2020

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Cervidpoxvirus is one of the more recently designated genera within the subfamily Chordopoxvirinae, with Deerpox virus (DPV) as the only recognized species to date. In this study, the authors describe spontaneous disease and infection in the North American moose ( Alces americanus) by a novel Cervidpoxvirus, here named Moosepox virus (MPV). Three 4-month-old moose calves developed a multifocal subacute-to-chronic, necrotizing, suppurative-to-granulomatous dermatitis that affected the face and the extremities. Ultrastructurally, all stages of MPV morphogenesis—that is, crescents, spherical immature particles, mature particles, and enveloped mature virus—were observed in skin tissue. In vitro infection with MPV confirmed that its morphogenesis was similar to that of the prototype vaccinia virus. The entire coding region, including 170 putative genes of this MPV, was sequenced and annotated. The sequence length was 164,258 bp with 98.5% nucleotide identity with DPV (strain W-1170-84) based on the whole genome. The genome of the study virus was distinct from that of the reference strain (W-1170-84) in certain genes, including the CD30-like protein (83.9% nucleotide, 81.6% amino acid), the endothelin precursor (73.2% nucleotide including some indels, 51.4% amino acid), and major histocompatibility class (MHC) class I–like protein (81.0% nucleotide, 68.2% amino acid). This study provides biological characterization of a new Cervidpoxvirus attained through in vivo and in vitro ultrastructural analyses. It also demonstrates the importance of whole-genome sequencing in the molecular characterization of poxviruses identified in taxonomically related hosts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and Biological Characterization of a Cervidpoxvirus Isolated From Moose with Necrotizing Dermatitis

et al. 2020

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“…A titer of 1:2 or greater was considered positive. Serum samples from experimentally infected BTD fawns that developed clinical disease (Bildfell et al, 2010) Adult deer were more likely to be DPV antibody-positive (58/131; 44%) than juveniles (9/33; 27%), but again this association was not statistically significant (P50.11). Sera were obtained from many counties in Oregon and were grouped into four regions yielding these DPV antibodypositive serology values for Odocoileus spp.…”

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confidence: 89%

“…Alternatively, a low level of clinically apparent disease might reflect a pathogen of low virulence and the high antibody prevalence supports this view. An experimental study gave mixed results regarding DPV virulence; some animals developed only locally extensive and self-limiting lesions with minimal evidence of systemic effects, but one fawn developed a fulminate ulcerative mucocutaneous disease (Bildfell et al, 2010) similar to that originally described (Williams et al, 1985). A recently described DPV disease outbreak in captive WTD also caused death with extensive mucosal lesions in one fawn but only mild skin lesions in other exposed animals (Baughman et al, 2011).…”

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confidence: 96%

Serosurvey for Antibody to Deerpox Virus in Five Cervid Species in Oregon, USA

Jin

McKay

Green

et al. 2013

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:Five cervid species in Oregon, USA were tested with a serum neutralization assay for antibody to deerpox virus (DPV). None of the 50 elk (Cervus elaphus ssp. roosevelti and nelsonii) had detectable antibody. Prevalence of antibody to DPV in the remaining species was: 52% (n555) in blacktailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus), 32% (n5 59) in mule deer (O. hemionus hemionus), and 36% (n550) in Columbian white-tailed deer (O. virginianus leucurus), with an overall antibody prevalence of 40.2% (n5164) for Odocoileus spp. Antibody-positive animals were identified throughout the state with no statistically significant differences among geographic regions. No statistically significant gender or age-related differences in antibody prevalence were demonstrated at either the genus or species level. This serosurvey indicates that exposure to DPV is common in Odocoileus populations in Oregon. Given the low rates of observed DPV-related disease, this high antibody prevalence suggests a pathogen of low virulence.

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“…10,11 It has also been shown that experimental infection of black-tailed deer via intravenous or intracutaneous routes can induce clinical symptoms. 2 Phylogenic and morphologic characterizations of DPVs isolated from different host species located in various geographical regions indicate that these viruses are closely related. 8 In the current study, a report on the isolation of DPV from a white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) is documented.…”

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“…For virus isolation, tissue specimens, including skin, oral mucosa, and rumen, were processed as described previously. 2,8 In brief, tissue homogenates were inoculated onto primary testicular cells of black-tailed deer maintained in minimal essential medium a supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. b The inoculated cultures were examined daily for up to 7 days for cytopathic effect characterized by enlarged cytoplasm containing many inclusion bodies and cell detachment.…”

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Diagnosis of Deerpox virus infection in a white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawn

et al. 2011

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A 3-month-old fawn from a group of 12 captive white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) displaying cutaneous lesions was presented to the Mississippi Veterinary Research & Diagnostic Laboratory for necropsy. Postmortem examination identified multiple discrete, round, alopecic, flat, proliferative dermal lesions scattered along the skin of the lips, muzzle, pinna, ventral thorax, medial limbs, and most notably the abdomen. Multiple ulcers were present on the commissures of the lips, dorsal surface of the tongue, and left caudal buccal surface of the oral cavity. The abdomen was filled with fibrinopurulent exudate and ruminal contents. Multiple to coalescing transmural ulcers were identified in the rumen. Histopathological evaluation of the skin revealed markedly thickened epidermis and focal areas of superficial dermal fibrosis, intracytoplasmic, eosinophilic inclusions in swollen keratinocytes and lymphocytic and plasmacytic perivascular dermatitis. The rumen ulcers were surrounded with necrotic cellular debris mixed with fibrin, bacteria, hemorrhages, and a collection of mixed inflammatory cells. Some swollen ruminal mucosal epithelia had eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions. Poxvirus was isolated from the skin and rumen tissue specimens. Electron microscopy detected viral particles with poxvirus morphology. Polymerase chain reaction assays detected A21, a gene conserved within family Poxviridae, in the skin and rumen tissues. Phylogenic analysis of the A21 sequences indicated that the viral isolate (M10-9055) was closely related to known members of genus Cervidpoxvirus. In conclusion, findings indicate that Deerpox virus can produce extensive lesions in white-tailed deer.

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Experimental Deerpox Infection in Black-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Hemionus Columbianus)

Cited by 6 publications

References 10 publications

Molecular and Biological Characterization of a Cervidpoxvirus Isolated From Moose with Necrotizing Dermatitis

Molecular and Biological Characterization of a Cervidpoxvirus Isolated From Moose with Necrotizing Dermatitis

Serosurvey for Antibody to Deerpox Virus in Five Cervid Species in Oregon, USA

Diagnosis of Deerpox virus infection in a white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawn

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