Experimental deformation of a single-layer anhydrite in halite matrix under bulk constriction. Part 1: Geometric and kinematic aspects

Zulauf, Gernold; Zulauf, J.; Bornemann, Otto; Kihm, N.; Peinl, M.; Zanella, Friedhelm E.

doi:10.1016/j.jsg.2009.01.013

Cited by 46 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 39 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The polygonal fracture patterns for isotropic layer‐parallel extension (pure flattening) and for models with intermediate strain ratios are always composed of random unevenly shaped polygons in our models that is consistent with observations from analogue models using similar strain conditions [ Kettermann , ; Zulauf et al , ] . We do not observe a classic “chocolate tablet” boudinage dominated by two dominant perpendicular fracture directions as described by Ghosh () and Zulauf et al .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…We observe subparallel alignment of the fractures in case of uniaxial extension ( y = 0) (Figure 8a) that is similar to that shown by Kettermann [2009] in analogue models. In the case of an isotropic extension parallel to the layer, i.e., xx = yy (Figure 8d), the fracture patterns show a polygonal structure not unlike that observed in analogue models under similar strain conditions by Kettermann [2009] and Zulauf et al [2009. For intermediate ratios between xx and yy , the fracture patterns are polygonal, but the fragment shapes are elongated with the short dimension of the fragments being aligned with the direction of maximum extension of the layer (Figure 8b and 8c).…”

Section: Fracture Orientations Versus Strain Ratiomentioning

confidence: 76%

“…They have been described in detail by, for example, Ramberg [1955], Ramsay and Huber [1987], Twiss and Moores [2007], and Goscombe et al [2004]. The basic mechanisms governing the evolution of boudinage structures have been investigated by a wide range of numerical and analogue models [Mandal and Khan, 1991;Bai and Pollard, 1999;Bai et al, 2000;Mandal et al, 2000;Passchier and Druguet, 2002;Li and Yang, 2007;Iyer and Podladchikov, 2009;Maeder et al, 2009;Zulauf et al 2009Zulauf et al , 2010Abe and Urai, 2012] and are thought to be reasonably well understood. Based on this, the shape and orientation of the boudins is often seen as an indicator of the stress and strain or strain rate conditions that have been acting on the layered rocks at the time the boudins were formed [Goscombe and Passchier, 2003;Maeder et al, 2009].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More comprehensive 3-D data is available at the large scale from seismic images of boudinaged carbonate or anhydrite stringers in salt bodies [van Gent et al, 2011;Strozyk et al, 2012]. Additional information on the shape and the evolution of boudins in 3-D has been available recently from analogue experiments [Zulauf et al, 2009[Zulauf et al, , 2010[Zulauf et al, , 2011bKettermann, 2009]. To gain additional insights into the range of boudin geometries expected in 3-D, we have performed a series of numerical experiments to study the influence of stress and strain conditions on the 3-D fracture patterns in boudinaged layers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Fracture patterns in nonplane strain boudinage—insights from 3‐D discrete element models

2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

[1] We use 3-D Discrete Element Method simulations to model the evolution of boudin structures in a layered material under nonplane strain conditions. As the models are shortened perpendicular to the layer orientation, they are extended at different rates in the two layer-parallel directions. The particular emphasis of the study is on the orientation of fractures between the boudin blocks. The results show that the fracture orientation distribution is closely connected to the ratio of the two layer-parallel extension rates. The anisotropy of the fracture orientation distribution increases systematically from no anisotropy at isotropic layer-parallel extension to a highly anisotropic distribution in case of uniaxial extension. We also observe an evolution of the anisotropy of fracture orientation distribution with increasing deformation in each individual model from a high-initial anisotropy towards a value characteristic for the ratio of the layer-parallel extension rates. The observations about the relation between the strain ratios and the fracture patterns do have the potential to serve as the basis for a new method to analyze strains in naturally boudinaged rocks.Citation: Abe, S., J. L. Urai, and M. Kettermann (2013), Fracture patterns in nonplane strain boudinage-insights from 3-D discrete element models,

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Fracture Orientations Versus Strain Ratiomentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Fracture patterns in nonplane strain boudinage—insights from 3‐D discrete element models

2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The F2 subvertical axial plane is gently folded by the late deformation that produced recumbent open fold (F3) with sub-horizontal axial plane and sub-horizontal axes. Such analog examples of brittle evaporite deformation during ductile salt flows help studying the mechanical interaction between the evaporites during deformation (Zulauf et al, 2009). (Chiara Frassi) Folds represented by close and tight folds.…”

Section: Figure 163 Fold Interference Pattern In the Variscan Basemementioning

confidence: 99%

Folds

Mukherjee

2015

Atlas of Structural Geology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Experimental deformation of coarse‐grained rock salt to high strain

2016

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The processes and deformation mechanisms (e.g., dislocation creep, pressure solution, grain boundary sliding, and recrystallization) of rock salt are still a matter of debate. In order to fill this gap, high strain constriction experiments at 345°C, atmospheric pressure and a strain rate of ~10−7 s−1 have been conducted on natural halite cuboids (60 × 60 × 45 mm) from the Morsleben mine of Northern Germany. Most samples were almost single crystals and contain a small amount of smaller grains (10–26%). The grain boundaries are decorated with fluid inclusions. The experiments were stopped at different final strains (εy = z of ~10, 20, 30, and 40%) corresponding to a maximum strain (εx) range of 20–170%. The halite is deformed by dislocation creep, and the size of developed subgrains corresponds to the applied stress. The combined Schmid factor and subgrain boundary analysis indicate that slip was largely accommodated by the {110} < 110 > slip systems, with possible minor contribution by slip on the {100} < 110 > slip systems. Some of the deformed samples show evidence of grain boundary migration. In addition, subgrains with small misorientations form that result in large cumulative misorientations within a single grain (>40°). However, no subgrain rotation recrystallization is observed (i.e., misorientation angles are <10°). All the experiments show strain hardening, suggesting that recrystallization by grain boundary migration was not extensive and did not reset the microstructure. The experiments show that high finite strain in coarse‐grained relatively dry rock salt can be accommodated by dislocation creep, without extensive dynamic recrystallization.

show abstract

Experimental deformation of a single-layer anhydrite in halite matrix under bulk constriction. Part 1: Geometric and kinematic aspects

Cited by 46 publications

References 39 publications

Fracture patterns in nonplane strain boudinage—insights from 3‐D discrete element models

Fracture patterns in nonplane strain boudinage—insights from 3‐D discrete element models

Folds

Experimental deformation of coarse‐grained rock salt to high strain

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About