“…For realizing a densely integrated MDM system, mode (de)multiplexers are one of the key functional components. Up to now, various approaches have been developed to experimentally demonstrate mode (de)multiplexers on the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform, such as grating assisted couplers (GACs) [6], [7], adiabatic couplers (ACs) [8][9][10][11][12], densely packed multimode waveguide arrays (DPMWAs) [13], [14], inverse design [15][16][17], asymmetric directional couplers (ADCs) [18][19][20][21], asymmetric Y-junctions [22][23][24], and tapered directional couplers (TDCs) [25], [26]. Although the fabricated GAC-based mode (de)multiplexers can realize low crosstalk, their bandwidths are limited.…”