Experimental Determination of Photon Fluxes in Multilayer Capillary Photoreactors

Wriedt, Benjamin; Kowalczyk, Daniel; Ziegenbalg, Dirk

doi:10.1002/cptc.201800106

Cited by 41 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Actinometric measurements were conducted with the ferrioxalate actinometer according to literature. [54,55] Firstly a 0.04mol L −1 ferrioxalate solution was prepared by dissolving iron(III)chloride and potassium oxalate monohydrate in a 0.05mol L −1 aqueous solution of sulfuric acid. 160 mL of the actinometer solution were transferred to the reservoir of the reactor and pumped through the system.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imposed dynamic irradiation to intensify photocatalytic reactions

2021

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Dynamic irradiation is a potent option to influence the interaction between photochemical reactions and mass transport to design high performant and efficient photochemical processes. To systematically investigate the impact of this parameter, the photocatalytic reduction of nitrobenzene was conducted as a test reaction. Dynamic irradiation was realized through provoked secondary flow patterns, multiple spatially distributed light emitting diodes (LEDs) and electrical pulsation of LEDs. A combined experimental and theoretical approach revealed significant potential to enhance photochemical processes. The reaction rate was accelerated by more than 70% and even more important the photonic efficiency was increased by more than a factor of 4. This renders imposed dynamic irradiation an innovative and powerful tool to intensify photoreactions on the avenue to large scale sustainable photochemical processes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imposed dynamic irradiation to intensify photocatalytic reactions

2021

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“…Wriedt et al conducted chemical actinometry using ferrioxalate actinometer in a capillary reactor with multiple layers. [14] They found an augmented optical pathlength when additional capillaries were placed on top of each other.…”

Section: Photon Flux Per Liquid Volume In Single-and Two-phase Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photon Transport and Hydrodynamics in Gas‐Liquid Flow Part 2: Characterization of Bubbly Flow in an Advanced‐Flow Reactor

et al. 2020

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The Corning® G1 Advanced-Flow™ Reactor (G1 AFR) is a commercially available meso-scale reactor which promotes a bubbly flow regime and was previously used to scale-up gasliquid photoreactions. In this paper, we study how the photon transport and hydrodynamics affects the performance of G1 AFR in gas-liquid flow. This was realized by analyzing the flow pattern, liquid residence time, photon flux per liquid volume and optical pathlength using image analysis, residence time distribution (RTD) experiments and chemical actinometry. While the gas content did not significantly influence the RTD responses and photon flux per liquid volume, it affected the liquid residence time and optical pathlength. An empirical correlation was proposed to predict the optical pathlength in gas-liquid flow. The constant photon flux per liquid volume and hydrodynamics found for bubbly flow in G1 AFR translate into high flexibility to choose the flow conditions without affecting the performance of this photoreactor.

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“…Just recently, Wriedt at al . published their work on the experimental determination of photon fluxes in multilayer capillary photoreactors . The authors applied the photochemical decomposition of [Fe III (C 2 O 4 ) 3 ] 3− to [Fe II (C 2 O 4 ) 2 ] 2− , carbon dioxide and oxalate (ferrioxalate actinometer) to a three‐layer FEP photoreactor with a medium pressure Hg lamp (150 W) as central light source (Figure ).…”

Section: Reactor Concepts For Flow Photochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactor Technology Concepts for Flow Photochemistry

Rehm

2019

ChemPhotoChem

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Synthetic organic photochemistry has been intensively carried out in the 20th century and paved the way to the preparation of complex organic molecules, which were not yet accessible via thermal chemistry. Several photochemical synthesis routes have found their way into industrial applications for the production of everyday commodities, but photochemistry was still underutilized until recently as a synthesis method in organic chemistry. With the advent of novel photocatalytic and photophysical concepts for the use of high power visible light, the research field of synthetic organic photochemistry has evolved to become a vivid and highly recognized technique in the last years. Fortunately, continuous flow technology has also become an increasingly accepted tool and has proved to be an excellent key player for the advancement of photochemistry in academic and industrial research settings. This Review provides an overview on the recent developments of continuous flow photoreactors and their application to photochemical syntheses under mild and defined process conditions.

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Experimental Determination of Photon Fluxes in Multilayer Capillary Photoreactors

Cited by 41 publications

References 24 publications

Imposed dynamic irradiation to intensify photocatalytic reactions

Imposed dynamic irradiation to intensify photocatalytic reactions

Photon Transport and Hydrodynamics in Gas‐Liquid Flow Part 2: Characterization of Bubbly Flow in an Advanced‐Flow Reactor

Reactor Technology Concepts for Flow Photochemistry

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