Experimental determination of the mode I delamination fracture and fatigue properties of thin 3D woven composites

Stegschuster, Georg; Pingkarawat, K.; Wendland, Benedikt; Mouritz, A.P.

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2016.02.008

Cited by 74 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…It is believed that combining these two concepts together would result in a multifunctional composite with improved delamination resistance, electrostatic/lighting strike dissipation, and excellent EMI Shielding capabilities. Although many researchers have already tested stitched composites for interlaminar fracture toughness , it is usually limited to low density stitches and to traditional non‐conductive threads especially for Mode I tests (mainly Kevlar, Vectran, and carbon). Therefore, this smaller research project aims to investigate and compare the interlaminar fracture toughness of carbon fiber‐epoxy composites stitched with various types of non‐conductive and conductive materials (Kevlar, Kevlar metallic, Dyneema, copper, and titanium wires) using an experimental approach.…”

Section: Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Stitching with Conductive and Nonconductive Materials on the Mode I Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Carbon Fiber Composites

Abdelal

Donaldson

2018

Polymer Composites

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This study presents the effects of the stitching with seven threads, having a variety of mechanical properties from brittle to highly ductile behavior, on the delamination resistance/interlaminar fracture toughness of stitched carbon fiber‐epoxy laminated composites. Conductive Copper, Titanium, and Kevlar metallic, as well as non‐conductive Dyneema‐13 Kg, Dyneema‐T90, Kevlar‐10 Kg, and Kevlar‐13 Kg threads were tested for their mechanical properties. Next, laminates of unidirectional carbon fiber‐epoxy composites stitched with these fibers were fabricated using a vacuum assisted resin transfer molding process. Double cantilever beam tests were conducted on samples from the stitched and unstitched composites for comparison. Subsequent fractographic analysis using scanning electron microscope and optical microscope were conducted to reveal the relation between the stitch type and the energy release rate. Experimental results showed that during the crack initiation stage, composites stitched with Kevlar metallic exhibited an average 393% increase in Mode I critical energy release rate, GIC, the largest increase of the seven thread material types studied. At the fully developed crack propagation stage, composites stitched with Dyneema exhibited a 984% increase in GIC. However, composite stitched with copper and titanium exhibited 375% and 497% increase in GIC at the propagation stage, respectively. SEM and optical microscopic analysis revealed a strong relation between the inherent features of the thread materials and the delamination resistance. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:E1252–E1262, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Section: Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Stitching with Conductive and Nonconductive Materials on the Mode I Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Carbon Fiber Composites

Abdelal

Donaldson

2018

Polymer Composites

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“…The woven structure influences LEFM parameters in terms of areal density, fiber tow density, and fiber direction, etc. These are all related to the variables designed in the present work [ 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Another model closer to the scope of this study is the continuum damage model (CDM) [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fracture Characteristics and Energy Dissipation of Textile Bamboo Fiber Reinforced Polymer

Chang

2021

Polymers

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The fracture theory of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites is complicated compared to that of homogeneous materials. Textile FRPs need to consider crimp, fiber off-axis and various weaving parameters in a two-dimensional scale, which makes research of failure and fracture difficult. The objective and main contribution of the present research lie in taking textile bamboo FRP as an example and using tools such as toughness, load and deflection curves analysis, energy analysis, and first-order derivative signals to establish the preliminary information needed for fracture theory. This is followed by observing the fracture characteristics of the material under bending. The identification of fracture modes, corresponding energy, and energy dissipation are all prerequisites for developing fracture models in the future. Differences in the direction of force, weaving method, and number of laminates will cause the amount and direction of fibers to vary, which makes the type and progression of fracture different. Combining signal analysis, fracture images and energy dissipation curves, there are different modes of fracture between various groups due to different energy storage forms and crack types, which ultimately lead to different energy dissipation behaviors.

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“…To overcome such concerns, and therefore increase the use of fibre composites in safety-critical applications, significant efforts have focused on increasing the fatigue resistant properties of composite materials through the use of thermoplastic interleaves [5][6][7] and through-thickness reinforcement (e.g. using woven yarns and z-pins) [8][9][10][11]. A promising alternative technique to improve the interlaminar properties of composites is the addition of nanosized fillers to the polymer matrix, such as nanosilica particles [12,13], zinc oxide nanorods [14], nanosilica-and rubber-particle hybrids [15], carbon nanofibers [16][17][18][19] and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [20][21][22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing the fatigue resistance of epoxy nanocomposites by aligning graphene nanoplatelets

Bhasin

Ladani

et al. 2018

International Journal of Fatigue

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Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) offer great potential for enhancing the multifunctional properties of epoxy polymers, including the cyclic-fatigue crack growth resistance. In the present work we investigate the effectiveness of electric-field alignment of GNPs in increasing the fatigue resistance of such epoxy nanocomposites. The GNPs were aligned in an uncured (liquid) epoxy resin by applying an alternating-current electric field during the curing process, before gelation of the epoxy. The fatigue properties of the cured epoxy containing both random and aligned GNPs were measured using double cantilever beam (DCB) specimens tested in displacement control over a range of cyclic energy release rates from the threshold condition (i.e. below which no fatigue crack growth was observed) to fast fracture. The results show that aligning the GNPs using an electric field yields a greater improvement in the fatigue crack growth resistance than obtained using randomly-orientated GNPs, particularly in the near threshold region. The resistance of the epoxy nanocomposites to fatigue crack growth was increased as the weight fraction of the GNPs was increased up to a certain level, beyond which there was no further improvement in the fatigue resistance. These improvements have been attributed to several toughening mechanisms which retard the fatigue crack growth in the epoxy nanocomposites, including debonding of the GNPs, epoxy void growth, crack deflection and branching of the main fatigue crack caused by microcracking induced by the presence of the GNPs, pull-out and crack bridging by the GNPs, and crack shielding by GNP debris particles behind the advancing fatigue crack tip. These toughening mechanisms become more active when the GNPs are aligned normal to the direction of fatigue crack growth, which results in a higher fatigue resistance for the epoxy nanocomposites containing aligned GNPs than for those containing randomly-orientated GNPs.

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Experimental determination of the mode I delamination fracture and fatigue properties of thin 3D woven composites

Cited by 74 publications

References 35 publications

The Effect of Stitching with Conductive and Nonconductive Materials on the Mode I Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Carbon Fiber Composites

The Effect of Stitching with Conductive and Nonconductive Materials on the Mode I Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Carbon Fiber Composites

Fracture Characteristics and Energy Dissipation of Textile Bamboo Fiber Reinforced Polymer

Increasing the fatigue resistance of epoxy nanocomposites by aligning graphene nanoplatelets

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