Experimental Evaluation and Validation of Pressure Distributions in Ice–Structure Collisions Using a Pendulum Apparatus

Abstract

This study introduced an experimental setup designed to predict collision pressure exerted on a structure due to ice impacts. The primary aim was to forecast the pressure distribution and structural behavior following an ice collision on a laboratory scale. The apparatus comprises a double-pendulum system situated within a cold chamber, facilitating the prediction of collision forces by varying both the collision energy and velocity. Experiments were conducted at collision velocities of 5, 7, and 10 knots, representative of conditions in Arctic regions. By altering these velocities, we measured both the strain experienced by a steel plate and the pressure due to the ice collision. The pressure distribution on the steel plate surface was also recorded by using pressure-sensitive film. This setup effectively captured the pressure distribution across the collision contact area. The measured pressure and force were compared with that of previous studies to determine the validity of the ice collision force measurement. This methodology successfully captures the relationship between the increasing collision speed and force, providing valuable insights into ice-induced forces and structural strain. It offers an effective measurement technique beneficial for designing ice-resistant structures. In conclusion, this paper enhances our understanding of ice–structure interactions, particularly in the domains of collision force and strain metrics.

Numerical Analysis of Ice-Structure Impact: Validating Material Models and Yield Criteria for Enhanced Prediction of Impact Pressure

“…Throughout this process, multiple FEA iterations were undertaken to determine previously undefined material constants. According to the quasi-static compression test results reported by Jang et al [16], it was observed that ice specimens, configured as square columns with cross-sectional dimensions of 100 mm × 100 mm and a height of 250 mm, failed under loads ranging from approximately 25 to 32 kN when compressed by 5 mm (Error! Reference source not found.…”

“…In this study, the collision pendulum experiment conducted by Jang et al [16] was chosen for numerical simulation. A detailed discussion on the material models associated this simulation is provided in Sections 2, 3.1, and 3.2.…”

“…For example, Zhu et al [7] and Cai et al [8] conducted collision experiments with wedge-shaped ice specimens at speeds of 4 to 7 knots to measure the loads applied to the impacted bodies. Additionally, Jang et al [16] presented the results of collision experiments between hemispherical ice specimens and steel plates using a collision pendulum at controlled speeds (5, 7, 10 knots) in a low-temperature chamber. These experiments accurately predict loads under experimental conditions, but they require scaling down the size of the ship and ice, and the experimental conditions are limited.…”

A New Plastic Design Approach for the Vertical-Side-Plating Thickness of Ice-Strengthened Ships Suffering from Ice Floe Impacts

“…The plastic deformation and energy absorption of a plate and the collision forces during the impact process were studied. Jang et al [14] designed an experimental set-up, including a double-pendulum system situated within a cold chamber, which can predict the collision forces under ice impacts by varying both the collision energy and velocity. Considering the influence of fluid motion on ship-ice impact, Kim et al [15] carried out a series of laboratory-scale tests of freshwater granular ice blocks against stiffened steel panels in the ice tank and analyzed the impact force and the permanent plate deformations of the structure.…”

“…Figure 5 is a diagram to introduce the theoretical model of the dynamic response of ice floe-plate impact. (14) can be used to obtain the maximum plastic deformation wm and the maximum impact force Fm of the plate under rigid-mass impact.…”