Experimental evaluation of a controlled hybrid two-phase multi-microchannel cooling and heat recovery system driven by liquid pump and vapor compressor

Wu, Duan; Marcinichen, Jackson B.; Thome, John R.

doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2012.11.011

Cited by 22 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In addition, these systems can avoid the surface temperature symmetry of electronic devices and guarantee high-performance working environments for information and communication technology (ICT) devices. This not only improves heat dissipation efficiency, but also realizes the reuse of waste heat, as a two-phase coolant can effectively cool a CPU at 60 °C [28]. Therefore, liquid-cooled DC systems have become popular for recent ICT equipment due to their energy-efficient heat removal capacity (up to more than 100 W/cm 2 ), while air-cooled DC systems can only efficiently meet cooling demands up to 37 W/cm 2 [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigations on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Direct Contact Liquid Cooling for CPU

Liu

2022

Buildings

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Cooling systems can effectively enable information and communication technology (ICT) equipment to utilize power more efficiently in data centers (DCs). Two-phase cooling provides a potential method to cool CPUs and other electronics and involves submerging them in a thermal conductive dielectric liquid or coolant. In this study, an innovative cooling structure and a two-phase immersion cooling system procedure are presented. The CPU is directly submerged in an engineered fluid, and an experimental test is conducted to obtain the boiling heat transfer and energy consumption data. A prediction equation for saturated boiling HTC in the pool, based on the influence of the characteristics of the heat transfer surface of the CPU and the physical parameters, is proposed. The average partial power usage effectiveness (pPUE) value of the proposed system is 1.036, indicating a significantly improved energy conservation effect compared to conventional air cooling systems. Studies have shown that direct-touch heat dissipation is suitable for supercomputer server CPU heat dissipation with low heat flux density, while for high-density CPU heat dissipation, it is easy to reach the maximum temperature limit of the CPU, thereby reducing the CPU frequency.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigations on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Direct Contact Liquid Cooling for CPU

Liu

2022

Buildings

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“…The energy efficiency ratio also showed an increasing and then decreasing trend with an increase in the mass flow. Wu et al 29 studied the thermal performance and energy consumption of a hybrid two‐phase system driven by a pump and vapor compressor. They concluded that the hybrid two‐phase system is energy‐efficient for cooling data centers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation of start‐up and transient thermal performance of pumped two‐phase battery thermal management system

Zhu

Fang

2020

Int J Energy Res

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In this study, a pumped two-phase battery thermal management system was developed, and its start-up and transient thermal performances were experimentally evaluated. The start-up behavior was characterized, and the effects of the flow rate, heat flux, and cold-source temperature on the start-up and transient thermal performances were examined. Three start-up modes were observed: fluctuating growth, temperature overshoot, and smooth growth. The fluctuating growth start-up mode appears to be suitable for battery cooling. The transient performance was improved when the flow rate was decreased, which resulted in a quicker start-up and lower average temperature (t avg) and maximum temperature difference (Δt max). Reducing the flow rate from 0.99 to 0.20 L/min significantly shortened the start-up time, lowered t avg and Δt max , and increased the heat transfer coefficient (α) when the steady state was reached. Increasing the heat flux initially improved and then weakened the transient performance of the pumped two-phase system. Increasing the heat flux from 1.1 to 2.8 W/cm 2 initially reduced the start-up time and t avg to 350 seconds and 1.5 C, respectively, but they then significantly increased to 360 seconds and 13.5 C, respectively. The transient t avg and Δt max decreased with the cold-source temperature (t cs), while the start-up time was independent of changes in t cs .

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“…The issue of magnetic transport for laminar flow of appropriate coolants in pipes was solved theoretically in works [7][8][9]. Very interesting and important papers are [10][11][12][13][14] which are concentrating on cooling electronic units. The application of two-phase cooling cycles which use micro-evaporation technology have been reported by Marcinichen et al [11].…”

Section: Introductonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature Profiles in a Micro Processor Cooled by Direct Refrigerant Evaporation

Lipnicki

Lechów

Pantoł

2016

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

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An analytical solution to the equation for cooling of a unit, in the interior of which heat is generated, is presented. For that reason, a simplified non determination of the temperature distribution within the unit, temperature of the contact between unit and a liquid layer, and the evaporating layer thickness in the function of time, is elaborated. A theoretical analysis of the external cooling of the unit, by considering the phenomenon of the liquid evaporation with the use of the Fourier and Poisson's equations, is given. Both, stationary cooling are shown. The obtained results of simulation seems to be useful in designing the similar cooling systems. A calculation mode for a cooling systems equipped with the compressor heat pump, as an effective cooling method, is also performed.Keywords: internal heat evaporation INTRODUCTONThe problem of cooling components with internal heat sources is now one of the classic problems of heat exchange, commonly recognised in literature. This type of phenomena is described by a general heat conduction equation, which is An analytical solution to the equation for cooling of a unit, in the interior of which heat is generated, is presented. For that reason, a simplified non-stationary model for ion of the temperature distribution within the unit, temperature of the contact between unit and a liquid layer, and the evaporating layer thickness in the function of time, is elaborated. A theoretical analysis of the external cooling of the unit, by sidering the phenomenon of the liquid evaporation with the use of the Fourier and Poisson's equations, is given. Both, stationary-and non-stationary description of the cooling are shown. The obtained results of simulation seems to be useful in designing he similar cooling systems. A calculation mode for a cooling systems equipped with the compressor heat pump, as an effective cooling method, is also performed.

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Experimental evaluation of a controlled hybrid two-phase multi-microchannel cooling and heat recovery system driven by liquid pump and vapor compressor

Cited by 22 publications

References 10 publications

Experimental Investigations on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Direct Contact Liquid Cooling for CPU

Experimental Investigations on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Direct Contact Liquid Cooling for CPU

Experimental investigation of start‐up and transient thermal performance of pumped two‐phase battery thermal management system

Temperature Profiles in a Micro Processor Cooled by Direct Refrigerant Evaporation

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